The minds of machines: Children's beliefs about the experiences, thoughts, and morals of familiar interactive technologies.
The minds of machines: Children's beliefs about the experiences, thoughts, and morals of familiar interactive technologies.
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DOI：
10.1037/dev0001524
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发表时间：
2023-04
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Teresa Flanagan;Gavin Wong;T. Kushnir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Teresa Flanagan;Gavin Wong;T. Kushnir
孩子们正在与可以像代理人一样移动，说话和行动的互动技术一起发展，但目前还不清楚孩子们对这些家用技术的代理人的信念是否与他们对实验室研究中使用的先进人形机器人的信念相似。本研究调查了4-11岁儿童（N = 127，法师= 7.50，SDage = 2.27，53%女性，75%白色;来自美国东北部）对两种熟悉技术（亚马逊Alexa和Roomba）的心理，身体，情感和道德特征的信念，并与他们对人形机器人（Nao）的信念进行了比较。孩子们对这些技术的机构的信念被组织成三个不同的集群-有经验，有思想，值得道德对待。儿童认可每种技术类型的一些代理功能，但他们这样做的程度随着年龄的增长而下降。此外，儿童对技术在道德场景中“采取其他行动”的自由的判断随着年龄的增长而变化，这表明儿童对技术局限性的理解发生了发展变化。重要的是，Alexa、Roomba和Nao之间存在系统差异，这些差异对应于各自的独特特征。这些发现表明，儿童对代理的直觉理论受到日益技术化的世界的影响。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2023阿帕，保留所有权利）。
Children are developing alongside interactive technologies that can move, talk, and act like agents, but it is unclear if children's beliefs about the agency of these household technologies are similar to their beliefs about advanced, humanoid robots used in lab research. This study investigated 4-11-year-old children's (N = 127, Mage = 7.50, SDage = 2.27, 53% females, 75% White; from the Northeastern United States) beliefs about the mental, physical, emotional, and moral features of two familiar technologies (Amazon Alexa and Roomba) in comparison to their beliefs about a humanoid robot (Nao). Children's beliefs about the agency of these technologies were organized into three distinct clusters-having experiences, having minds, and deserving moral treatment. Children endorsed some agent-like features for each technology type, but the extent to which they did so declined with age. Furthermore, children's judgment of the technologies' freedom to "act otherwise" in moral scenarios changed with age, suggesting a development shift in children's understanding of technologies' limitations. Importantly, there were systematic differences between Alexa, Roomba, and Nao, that correspond to the unique characteristics of each. Together these findings suggest that children's intuitive theories of agency are informed by an increasingly technological world. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).