A one‐dimensional model of the seasonal thermocline II. The general theory and its consequences
A one‐dimensional model of the seasonal thermocline II. The general theory and its consequences
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DOI：
10.1111/j.2153-3490.1967.tb01462.x
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发表时间：
1967-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Kraus;J. S. Turner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Kraus;J. S. Turner
提出了由于表面过程而形成层的理论，该理论比前一篇论文 I 中使用的理论更普遍。包括由于深度加热和表面冷却引起的对流，以及由于风作用引起的机械搅拌。该理论适用于任意形式的加热，包括间歇或连续过程，并且可用于研究昼夜和季节性影响。对 I 中近似处理的案例进行了详细的应用，现在以分析形式获得了该案例的解决方案。获得的结果可以与海洋进行定量和定性比较。研究发现，使用测量的加热速率以及从平均表面应力推导出的输入到水中的湍流动能值可以预测合理的层深度。即使上层温度不断升高，深度加热的效果也可以与风搅拌相媲美。在冬季，由于表面冷却而产生的对流主导着加深层的过程。 DOI：10.1111/j.2153-3490.1967.tb01462.x
A theory of the layer formation due to surface processes is presented, which is more general than that used in the preceding paper I. Convection due to heating at depth and cooling at the surface is included, as well as the mechanical stirring due to wind action. The theory is applicable to arbitrary forms of heating, including intermittent or continuous processes, and could be used to investigate diurnal as well as seasonal effects. A detailed application is made to the case treated approximately in I, for which a solution is now obtained in analytic form. The results obtained allow a quantitative, as well as qualitative, comparison with the ocean. It is found that reasonable layer depths are predicted using measured heating rates, and a value of the turbulent kinetic energy input to the water deduced from the mean surface stress. The effects of heating at depth can be comparable with wind stirring, even when the temperature of the upper layer is increasing. During the winter, convection due to surface cooling dominates the processes which deepen the layer. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1967.tb01462.x