Human rights abuse and other criminal violations in Port-au-Prince, Haiti: a random survey of households
Human rights abuse and other criminal violations in Port-au-Prince, Haiti: a random survey of households
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69211-8
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发表时间：
2006-09-02
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
Hutson, Royce A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kolbe, Athena R.;Hutson, Royce A.
2004年当选总统下台后，海地发生的侵犯人权事件的频率和严重程度的可靠证据很少。我们对太子港大地区随机调查的家庭数据进行了评估。方法采用全球定位系统（GPS）坐标随机抽样，抽样1260户（5720人）。训练有素的采访者用一份结构化的调查表对他们进行了采访，询问他们在让-贝特朗·阿里斯蒂德总统离任后的经历。应答率为90.7%。获得了关于人口特征、犯罪和侵犯人权情况的资料。我们的研究结果表明，在评估的22个月期间，大太子港地区有8000人被谋杀。几乎一半已查明的肇事者是政府军或外部政治行动者。对妇女和女孩的性侵犯很常见，调查结果显示，该地区有3.5万名妇女受害；超过一半的女性受害者年龄在18岁以下。犯罪分子是被认定的最多的犯罪者，但海地国家警察的官员占13.8%，武装反拉瓦拉组织占10.6%的性侵犯犯罪者。绑架和法外拘留、人身攻击、死亡威胁、人身威胁和性暴力威胁也很常见。我们的研究结果表明，犯罪和有系统地侵犯人权在太子港很常见。虽然犯罪分子是被认定最多的侵权行为肇事者，但政治行为者和联合国士兵也经常被认定为侵权行为的肇事者。
Background Reliable evidence of the frequency and severity of human rights abuses in Haiti after the departure of the elected president in 2004 was scarce. We assessed data from a random survey of households in the greater Port-au-Prince area.Methods Using random Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinate sampling, 1260 households (5720 individuals) were sampled. They were interviewed with a structured questionnaire by trained interviewers about their experiences after the departure of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. The response rate was 90.7%. Information on demographic characteristics, crime, and human rights violations was obtained.Findings Our findings suggested that 8000 individuals were murdered in the greater Port-au-Prince area during the 22-month period assessed. Almost half of the identified perpetrators were government forces or outside political actors. Sexual assault of women and girls was common, with findings suggesting that 3 5 000 women were victimised in the area; more than half of all female victims were younger than 18 years. Criminals were the most identified perpetrators, but officers from the Haitian National Police accounted for 13.8% and armed anti-Lavalas groups accounted for 10.6% of identified perpetrators of sexual assault. Kidnappings and extrajudicial detentions, physical assaults, death threats, physical threats, and threats of sexual violence were also common.Interpretation Our results indicate that crime and systematic abuse of human rights were common in Port-au-Prince. Although criminals were the most identified perpetrators of violations, political actors and UN soldiers were also frequently identified. These findings suggest the need for a systematic response from the newly elected Haitian government, the UN, and social service organisations to address the legal, medical, psychological, and economic consequences of widespread human rights abuses and crime.