Competition and Cooperation in Decentralized Push and Pull Assembly Systems
Competition and Cooperation in Decentralized Push and Pull Assembly Systems
复制标题
DOI：
10.1287/mnsc.1070.0792
复制
发表时间：
2008-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Granot;Shuya Yin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Granot;Shuya Yin
本文研究了一个分散装配系统，该系统由单个装配者在推式和拉式两种合同模式下从独立供应商处购买互补的零部件组成。在这两个计划中，允许零部件供应商自由地在他们之间组成联盟，以更好地协调他们的定价或生产决策。我们表明，由于供应商的横向分散，推式系统中效率低下的唯一驱动因素是形成的联盟的数量。具体地说，在推式系统中，装配者的利润、所有供应商的总利润和消费者的剩余都随着联盟数量的减少而减少，从而在大联盟形成时达到最大。我们进一步对联盟结构进行了稳定性分析，以验证供应商可以在多大程度上通过组建联盟来减少或消除由于其分权而造成的低效率。我们发现，在一个有两个以上供应商和电力需求分布的推式系统中，短视的供应商会独立行动，导致最低效率的渠道，从而使所有渠道成员以及最终消费者的境况变得更糟。另一方面，我们证明了有远见的供应商将组成大联盟，从而能够彻底消除由于其分权而产生的低效率。最后，与推式系统相比，在拉式系统中，供应商可以很容易地协调他们的生产量，以消除由于分散而造成的低效率。
In this paper, we study a decentralized assembly system consisting of a single assembler who buys complementary components from independent suppliers under two contracting schemes: push and pull. In both schemes, the component suppliers are allowed to freely form coalitions (or alliances) among themselves to better coordinate their pricing or production decisions. We show that the sole driver of the inefficiency in a push system, which is due to horizontal decentralization of suppliers, is the number of alliances that were formed. Specifically, it is shown that in a push system, the assembler's profit, the total profit of all suppliers and the consumers' surplus are all decreasing in the number of coalitions, and are thus maximized when the grand coalition is formed. We further carry out a stability analysis of coalition structures to verify to what extent suppliers can reduce or eliminate the inefficiency due to their decentralization by forming alliances. We show that in a push system with more than two suppliers and a power demand distribution, myopic suppliers would act independently, resulting with a least efficient channel, which makes all channel members, as well as the end consumers, worse off. On the other hand, we prove that farsighted suppliers would form the grand coalition and thus be able to completely eliminate the inefficiency stemming from their decentralization. Finally, it is shown that, in contrast to a push system, in a pull system the suppliers can easily coordinate their production quantities to eliminate the inefficiency due to their decentralization.