cGMP production in bacteria
cGMP production in bacteria
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11010-009-0321-0
复制
发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Linder, Juergen U.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Linder, Juergen U.
自 20 世纪 70 年代初以来，人们就开始研究细菌中 cGMP 的产生。从一开始，它就被证明是一个具有挑战性的话题。在大肠杆菌中，cGMP 水平比相应的 cAMP 水平低两个数量级。此外，在细菌中没有鉴定出特定的cGMP受体蛋白，并且cGMP在细菌中的生理作用也没有得到证实。因此，在 1977 年，令人信服的证据表明 cGMP 是体内大肠杆菌腺苷酸环化酶的副产物。这可能就是为什么在其他细菌（如地衣芽孢杆菌和新月柄杆菌）中对 cGMP 的研究没有进一步进行的原因。然而，最近对蓝藻集胞藻 PCC 6803 中 cGMP 和鸟苷酸环化酶的研究使细菌中的 cGMP 信号重新受到关注。在集胞藻中，cGMP 水平与 cAMP 的水平相似，并且 cya2 基因的删除显着降低了 cGMP 的量，但不影响 cAMP。几个月前，Cya2 基因产物的生化和结构特征已得到确定。它在体外表现为特定的鸟苷酸环化酶，并且单个氨基酸取代将该酶转化为特定的腺苷酸环化酶。这些数据表明存在真正的细菌 cGMP 信号通路，需要通过未来的实验来探索和建立。
Production of cGMP in bacteria has been studied since the early 1970s. From the beginning on it proved to be a challenging topic. In Escherichia coli the cGMP levels were two orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding cAMP levels. Furthermore, no specific cGMP receptor protein was identified in the bacterium and a physiological role of cGMP in the bacterium was not substantiated. Consequently in 1977, compelling evidence was given that cGMP is a by-product of E. coli adenylate cyclase in vivo. This may be the reason why also work on cGMP in other bacteria like Bacillus licheniformis and Caulobacter crescentus was not pursued any further. However, recent study on cGMP and guanylate cyclase in the cyanobacterium Synechocysis PCC 6803 brought cGMP signaling in bacteria back to attention. In Synechocystis cGMP levels are of similar magnitude as those of cAMP and deletion of the cya2 gene markedly reduced the amount of cGMP without affecting cAMP. A few months ago the Cya2 gene product has been biochemically and structurally characterized. It behaves as a specific guanylate cyclase in vitro and a single amino acid substitution transforms the enzyme into a specific adenylate cyclase. These data point toward the existence of a true bacterial cGMP-signaling pathway, which needs to be explored and established by future experiments.