Food supplementation as a conservation intervention: A framework and a case of helping threatened shorebirds at a refuelling site
Food supplementation as a conservation intervention: A framework and a case of helping threatened shorebirds at a refuelling site
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109394
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发表时间：
2021-12
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Shou‐Dong Zhang;Qingquan Bai;D. Melville;Chenchen Feng;T. Piersma;Zhijun Ma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shou‐Dong Zhang;Qingquan Bai;D. Melville;Chenchen Feng;T. Piersma;Zhijun Ma
在某些情况下，补充喂养以减轻食物短缺的影响可能为物种保护提供关键帮助。然而，补充喂养可能对野生动物和环境既有积极的影响，也有消极的影响。科学设计的饲养项目有助于实现保护目标并减少不利影响。在此，我们总结了我们在实践中使用的辅食三步框架：（1）确定是否需要辅食； (2)设计并实施切实可行的喂养方案； (3)评价辅食的有效性。 2018年春季，我们在黄海一处最近贫困的补给站（鸭绿江口）为濒临灭绝的候鸟鸻鹬（Calidris tenuirostris）补充了食物。大滨鹬（Potamocorbula laevis，2012年后变得非常稀有）的主食充足，不足以让它们在迁徙到繁殖地之前补充能量。在我们的实际测试中，livingP。莱维斯鱼在潮下区采集，然后运至潮间带，早些年，大滨鹬曾在此觅食。补充区域吸引了 200 平方公里研究区域中所有大滨鹬的 48%。近90%的补充食品都被消耗掉了。大多数大滨鹬（>80%）在高密度补充区觅食，那里的P. 2011 年至 2012 年，非洲狮恢复到自然水平。这里，食物摄入率（mg AFDM/s）是邻近控制区的 4.2 倍。该框架和喂养实践应有助于指导未来各种物种的补充喂养。
Supplemental feeding to mitigate the effects of food shortages may in some cases provide critical help to species conservation. However, supplemental feeding may have both positive and negative effects on wildlife and the environment. A scientifically designed feeding project helps to achieve conservation targets and reduces adverse effects. Here, we summarize a three-step framework for food supplementation that we used in practice: (1) determining whether supplemental feeding is required; (2) designing and implementing a practical feeding scheme; and (3) evaluating the effectiveness of food supplementation. We supplemented food for great knots (Calidris tenuirostris), an endangered migratory shorebird, at a recently impoverished refuelling site (Yalu Jiang estuary) in the Yellow Sea in spring 2018. The abundance of the staple food of great knots (Potamocorbula laevis, which had become very rare after 2012), was insufficient for the birds to refuel before the migratory flight to the breeding grounds. In our practical test, livingP. laeviswere collected in subtidal areas and transported to the intertidal area where great knots had been foraging in earlier years. The supplemented areas attracted 48% of all the great knots present in the 200 km2study area. Nearly 90% of the supplemented food was consumed. Most great knots (>80%) foraged in the high-density supplementation zone where the densities ofP. laeviswere restored to the naturally occurring levels in 2011–2012. Here, food intake rates (mg AFDM/s) were 4.2 times those in the adjacent control zones. The framework and the feeding practice should help guide future supplemental feeding in a wide range of species.