Brief cognitive training interventions in young adulthood promote long-term resilience to drug-seeking behavior.
Brief cognitive training interventions in young adulthood promote long-term resilience to drug-seeking behavior.
复制标题
在青少年时期进行简短的认知训练干预，可促进对寻求毒品行为的长期适应能力。
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.05.036
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发表时间：
2015-10
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Wilbrecht L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boivin JR;Piscopo DM;Wilbrecht L
环境压力和剥夺增加了人类对药物滥用障碍的脆弱性，并促进了动物模型的寻求药物行为。相比之下，掌握和稳定的经验可能会塑造神经回路，从而增强应对未来挑战的能力。认知训练提供了一种潜在的干预措施，可以减少面对环境压力或剥夺时的脆弱性。在这里，我们测试了这样一个假设：短暂的认知训练可以促进小鼠对一种药物寻求行为的长期适应能力，即可卡因条件性位置偏好（CPP）。在成年早期，小鼠接受认知训练，在探索训练场地时获得奖励（即束缚控制），或者留在家里的笼子里。从停止训练后 4 周开始，我们在 CPP 模式中对小鼠进行调节，然后每周测试它们的 CPP 维持情况或每天测试 CPP 消退情况。我们发现，与标准饲养条件和束缚条件相比，为期 9 天的简短认知训练方案可减少可卡因 CPP 的维持。这种有益效果在训练停止后仍持续很长一段时间，因为在训练和接触可卡因之间，小鼠在笼子里待了 4 周。当按照每日灭绝时间表对小鼠进行 CPP 测试时，我们发现所有离开笼子到训练场接受奖励的受过训练和带轭的小鼠都表现出显着的 CPP 灭绝，而在同一时间段内饲养在标准饲养环境中的小鼠并没有消除 CPP。这些数据表明，在成年早期，剥夺可能会使人容易出现寻求毒品的行为，而短暂的干预可能会促进长期的恢复能力。
Environmental stress and deprivation increase vulnerability to substance use disorders in humans and promote drug-seeking behavior in animal models. In contrast, experiences of mastery and stability may shape neural circuitry in ways that build resilience to future challenges. Cognitive training offers a potential intervention for reducing vulnerability in the face of environmental stress or deprivation. Here, we test the hypothesis that brief cognitive training can promote long-term resilience to one measure of drug-seeking behavior, cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP), in mice. In young adulthood, mice underwent cognitive training, received rewards while exploring a training arena (i.e. yoked control), or remained in their home cages. Beginning 4 weeks after cessation of training, we conditioned mice in a CPP paradigm and then tested them weekly for CPP maintenance or daily for CPP extinction. We found that a brief 9-day cognitive training protocol reduced maintenance of cocaine CPP when compared to standard housed and yoked conditions. This beneficial effect persisted long after cessation of the training, as mice remained in their home cages for 4 weeks between training and cocaine exposure. When mice were tested for CPP on a daily extinction schedule, we found that all trained and yoked groups that left their home cages to receive rewards in a training arena showed significant extinction of CPP, while mice kept in standard housing for the same period did not extinguish CPP. These data suggest that in early adulthood, deprivation may confer vulnerability to drug-seeking behavior and that brief interventions may promote long-term resilience.