Marker-Assisted Selection
Marker-Assisted Selection
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DOI：
10.1007/978-81-322-2316-0_9
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Singh;Ashutosh Kumar Singh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Singh;Ashutosh Kumar Singh
传统的植物育种在开发具有理想性状的改良品种方面非常成功。然而，它在改善遗传力低的性状方面并不成功，例如，非生物胁迫抗性、水平抗病性等。分子标记技术可以以多种不同的方式有效地补充作物改良计划，包括对各种性状的间接选择。标记辅助选择（MAS）使选择不依赖于性状的表型表达。因此，它允许有效利用温室/淡季苗圃设施，以便每年可以培养多达三代的繁殖种群。此外，它还允许在进行选择的同一作物季节中使用所选择的植物进行杂交。这些共同大大加快了具有更高产量和改善的胁迫耐受性的新品种的开发。标记被用于标记辅助回交（MABC）以实现寡基因以及QTL的渐渗，并且正在努力将寡基因抗病性与水平抗性联合收割机结合。在MABC中，MAS通常用于前景选择，但它也用于背景和重组选择。标记辅助轮回选择（Marker-assisted recurrent selection）是一种专门的分子辅助选择方法，用于在杂交和自花授粉作物中积累有利的QTL。此外，还提出了创新的育种方法，以充分利用标记数据，提高育种策略的效率。MAS被常规用于几种作物，通过MAS开发的许多作物品种已被释放用于种植。在这一章中，多智能体系统的各个方面，包括作物改良的成功例子，进行了详细的讨论。
Conventional plant breeding has been very successful in developing improved cultivars with desirable traits. However, it has not been as successful in improving traits with low heritability, e.g., abiotic stress resistance, horizontal disease resistance, etc. Molecular marker technology can effectively supplement the crop improvement programs in a variety of different ways, including indirect selection for all kinds of traits. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) makes selection independent of the phenotypic expression of the traits. As a result, it allows efficient utilization of greenhouse/off-season nursery facilities so that up to three generations of the breeding populations can be grown each year. In addition, it also permits the use of the selected plants for hybridization in the same crop season, in which the selections were done. These together greatly expedite the development of new cultivars with higher yields and improved stress tolerance. Markers are being used for marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) to achieve the introgression of oligogenes as well as QTLs, and efforts are being made to combine oligogenic disease resistance with horizontal resistance. In MABC, MAS has been generally used for foreground selection, but it has also been used for background and recombinant selections. A specialized scheme of MAS, called marker-assisted recurrent selection, is designed to accumulate favorable QTLs in cross- as well as self-pollinated crops. In addition, innovative breeding approaches have been proposed to take full advantage of the marker data and increase the efficiency of the breeding strategies. MAS is being routinely used in several crops, and many crop varieties developed through MAS have been released for cultivation. In this chapter, the various aspects of MAS, including the successful examples of crop improvement, have been discussed in some detail.