Induced mutations in circadian clock regulator Mat-a facilitated short-season adaptation and range extension in cultivated barley
Induced mutations in circadian clock regulator Mat-a facilitated short-season adaptation and range extension in cultivated barley
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1113009109
复制
发表时间：
2012-03-13
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Hansson, Mats
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zakhrabekova, Shakhira;Gough, Simon P.;Hansson, Mats
开花时间对产量具有重要影响，并且一直是作物植物驯化和农业推广的关键性状。1961年，栽培品种Mari（mat-a. 8)是世界上第一个诱导早熟大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）将突变体释放到商业生产中。马里扩大了双行春大麦种植的范围，因为它的光周期不敏感。自发布以来，Mari或其衍生物已在世界各地广泛使用，以促进短季节适应和进一步的地理范围扩展。通过利用大麦早花突变体的扩展的历史集合，我们确定了Praematurum-a（Mat-a），该基因负责这种关键的适应性表型，作为拟南芥生物钟调节器早花3（Elf 3）的同源物。我们表征了87个诱导的mat-a突变系，并鉴定了超过20个不同的mat-a等位基因，这些等位基因具有明显的突变，导致推定的ELF 3蛋白缺陷。突变体和野生型植物中HvElf 3和Gigantea的表达分析表明，mat-a突变干扰开花途径，导致早期表型。因此，Mat-a的等位基因在大麦中具有重要的和已证实的育种价值，但可能也在许多其他对日照长度敏感的作物植物中具有重要的和已证实的育种价值，在这些作物中，它们可以调整适应不同的地理区域和气候条件，这在全球变暖时期是一个关键问题。
Time to flowering has an important impact on yield and has been a key trait in the domestication of crop plants and the spread of agriculture. In 1961, the cultivar Mari (mat-a. 8) was the very first induced early barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutant to be released into commercial production. Mari extended the range of two-row spring barley cultivation as a result of its photoperiod insensitivity. Since its release, Mari or its derivatives have been used extensively across the world to facilitate short-season adaptation and further geographic range extension. By exploiting an extended historical collection of early-flowering mutants of barley, we identified Praematurum-a (Mat-a), the gene responsible for this key adaptive phenotype, as a homolog of the Arabidopsis thaliana circadian clock regulator Early Flowering 3 (Elf3). We characterized 87 induced mat-a mutant lines and identified >20 different mat-a alleles that had clear mutations leading to a defective putative ELF3 protein. Expression analysis of HvElf3 and Gigantea in mutant and wild-type plants demonstrated that mat-a mutations disturb the flowering pathway, leading to the early phenotype. Alleles of Mat-a therefore have important and demonstrated breeding value in barley but probably also in many other day-length-sensitive crop plants, where they may tune adaptation to different geographic regions and climatic conditions, a critical issue in times of global warming.