Intralimb coordination of the paw-shake response: a novel mixed synergy.
Intralimb coordination of the paw-shake response: a novel mixed synergy.
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爪子震动反应的肢体内协调：一种新颖的混合协同作用。
DOI：
10.1152/jn.1985.54.5.1271
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发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Zernicke,RF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith,JL;Hoy,MG;Koshland,GF;Phillips,DM;Zernicke,RF
本文研究了5只正常猫和11只脊髓型成年猫的摇爪反应（PSR）的肢体内协调性。代表性的伸肌和屈肌的功能，在髋关节，膝关节和踝关节进行了记录，并在六个脊髓猫的运动学，这些关节的高速电影胶片确定。PSR的特点是独特的混合（屈伸肌）协同作用。膝伸肌（VL）和踝屈肌（TA）的协同作用构成一个协同作用，而第二个协同作用包括髋伸肌（GM，BF），膝屈肌（BF，LG）和踝伸肌（LG）。联合流离失所反映了混合的协同作用。膝盖和脚踝的运动是异相的，而臀部的运动与膝盖的运动是同相的。正常猫和脊髓猫的肌电图爆发持续时间和发作潜伏期相似，在给定PSR的所有周期中，除VL外，所有肌肉的招募模式均一致。高变异性和缺失的爆发标志着VL在一些脊髓猫的活动。在缺少VL爆发的PSR中，膝关节的振荡与髋关节和踝关节的周期性动作不协调。从运动学记录中可以确定PSR的三个不同阶段：启动阶段包括最初的四到六个周期，在此期间髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的动作逐渐变得有组织;稳定状态包括中间的三到五个周期，其特征在于所有三个关节的位移一致;慢化包括最后三到四个周期，在此期间振荡速率减慢，并且联合偏移减小。在稳态循环期间，肌肉收缩起到逆转膝关节和踝关节的关节运动的作用。因此，膝关节和踝关节伸肌的募集与关节屈曲一致，而关节屈肌在关节伸展时募集。然而，髋关节的肌肉活动与移位同步。虽然肌肉的神经输入在PSR的三个阶段中是一致的，但在启动期间，节段运动可以逐渐组织起来，以实现稳定的振荡。PSR是否达到稳态可能取决于肌肉活动和节段间机械相互作用之间的敏感相互作用。这种动力学的相互作用将在下面的文章中详细介绍。
Intralimb coordination of the paw-shake response (PSR) was studied in five normal and eleven spinal adult cats. Representative extensor and flexor muscles that function at the hip, knee, and ankle joints were recorded, and in six spinal cats the kinematics of these joints were determined from high-speed cinefilm. The PSR was characterized uniquely by mixed (flexor-extensor) synergies. Knee extensor (VL) and ankle flexor (TA) coactivity constituted one synergy, while the second synergy included hip extensors (GM, BF), knee flexors (BF, LG), and ankle extensor (LG). Joint displacements reflected the mixed synergy. Motions at the knee and ankle were out of phase, while motions at the hip were in phase with movements of the knee. Electromyographic burst durations and onset latencies were similar for normal and spinal cats, and in all cycles of a given PSR, the recruitment pattern was consistent for all muscles, except VL. High variability and missing bursts marked the activity of VL in some spinal cats. In PSRs with missing VL bursts, oscillations at the knee joint were not coordinated with cyclic actions at the hip and ankle. From the kinematic records three distinct phases of the PSR were identified: start-up consisted of the initial four to six cycles during which hip, knee, and ankle actions progressively became organized; steady-state included the middle three to five cycles that were characterized by consistent displacement at all three joints; and slow-down comprised the last three to four cycles during which the rate of oscillations slowed, and joint excursions decreased. During steady-state cycles, muscle contractions acted to reverse joint motions at the knee and ankle joints. Thus, knee and ankle extensor recruitment coincided with joint flexion, while joint flexors were recruited during joint extension. Muscle activity at the hip, however, was in phase with displacement. While neural input to muscle is consistent throughout the three phases of the PSR, segment motions can become progressively organized during start-up to achieve stable oscillations. Whether the PSR attains steady-state or not may hinge on the sensitive interplay that occurs between muscle activities and intersegmental mechanical interactions. That kinetic interplay is detailed in the following paper.