The Covid-19 Vaccine Production Club: Will Value Chains Temper Nationalism?
The Covid-19 Vaccine Production Club: Will Value Chains Temper Nationalism?
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Covid-19 疫苗生产俱乐部：价值链会缓和民族主义吗？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Ruta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Evenett;B. Hoekman;N. Rocha;M. Ruta
2021年的前两个月，新冠肺炎疫苗的生产遭遇挫折，推迟了国家接种战略的实施。这些拖延暴露了疫苗生产集中在一小群生产国，这反过来又影响到跨境价值链在多大程度上能够阻止更激进的疫苗民族主义形式，如出口限制。这份文件记录了这个俱乐部的存在，不仅考虑了最终疫苗的生产，还考虑了制造和分销新冠肺炎疫苗所需的成分和物品。在2017-19年间，疫苗生产国88%的关键疫苗成分来自其他疫苗生产贸易伙伴。再加上新冠肺炎变异的日益增多，以及人们意识到这种冠状病毒很可能成为永久性的全球地方性健康威胁，这一发现要求重新考虑增加新冠肺炎疫苗及其成分和交付所需各种物品的生产和分销的政策考量。安全生产的疫苗越多，屈服于零和疫苗民族主义的诱惑就越小。
In the first two months of 2021, the production of COVID-19 vaccines has suffered setbacks delaying the implementation of national inoculation strategies. These delays have revealed the concentration of vaccine manufacture in a small club of producer nations, which in turn has implications for the degree to which cross-border value chains can deter more aggressive forms of Vaccine Nationalism, such as export curbs. This paper documents the existence of this club, taking account of not just the production of final vaccines but also the ingredients of and items needed to manufacture and distribute COVID-19 vaccines. During 2017–19, vaccine producing nations sourced 88 percent of their key vaccine ingredients from other vaccine producing trading partners. Combined with the growing number of mutations of COVID-19 and the realization that this coronavirus is likely to become a permanent endemic global health threat, this finding calls for a rethink of the policy calculus towards ramping up the production and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, its ingredients, and the various items needed to deliver them. The more approved vaccines that are safely produced, the smaller will be the temptation to succumb to zero-sum Vaccine Nationalism.