CONDITIONS OF ORGANIC FARMS DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND AND MALOPOLSKA AREA
CONDITIONS OF ORGANIC FARMS DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND AND MALOPOLSKA AREA
复制标题
波兰和小波兰地区有机农场发展状况
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Baran
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Klimek;A. Baran
根据国际有机农业运动联合会（IFOAM）的定义，有机农业是一套农业管理系统，根据土壤，植物和动物的要求，其总体目标是生产高质量的食品，同时保持自然环境中的最佳生物平衡。在有机农业中，生产是在一个封闭的土壤-植物-农业循环中进行的，同时保持相当大的自给自足。由于这一事实，可以实现某些好处，例如为子孙后代保护自然环境，以及根据”生产但不破坏自然环境-喂养但不伤害消费者”的座右铭，在这一系统中生产的食品消费者的健康。近年来，波兰的有机农业蓬勃发展，这是自然倾向于这种耕作制度。波兰的有机农场数量在2004年至2005年之间几乎翻了一番，达到7183个。在波兰，有机农场占地近20.4万公顷。尽管有机农场蓬勃发展，但仅占所有农场的0.2%，仅覆盖0.5%公顷的耕地。有机农场的平均面积为28公顷，比传统农场的平均面积（8公顷）大三分之一。近90%的有机农场占地面积不到50公顷。较小的有机农场主要集中在波兰中部和南部，而大型农场则位于东部和北方沿着波兰西部边境。草地和牧场（52%）在有机农场结构中占主导地位，耕地（43%），果园，浆果种植园（4%）和蔬菜（1%）其次。最常种植的作物主要是土豆，然后是黑麦和小麦。政府大力支持有机农场的发展，并计划在2010年前将有机农场的数目增加至1万个。2005年，小波兰地区的有机农场总数为1 177个，与2004年相比，有机农场的数量增加了91%，而与2003年相比，采用生态生产方法的农场数量增加了三倍多。该省发展有机农业的有利条件是农民人口众多、劳动力成本低、农业集约化程度低、农业化学品使用量低、自然环境污染少。
According to the definition of International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) organic agriculture is a set of several approaches to agricultural management systems, according to the requirements of soil, plants and animals and its overall objective is manufacturing of high quality food and simultaneous maintaining best biological balance in the natural environment. In organic agriculture production is managed in a closed soilplantanimal cycle with retained considerable self-sufficiency. Owing to this fact certain benefits may be achieved such as protection of the natural environment for future generations and health of consumers of food produced in this system according to the motto” To produce but not destroy the natural environment – to feed but not harm the consumer”. Dynamically developing organic agriculture has been observed over the recent years in Poland, which is naturally predisposed for this system of farming. The number of organic farms in Poland almost doubled between 2004 and 2005 to 7183. In Poland organic farms occupy almost 204 thousand hectares. Despite dynamic development organic farms constitute only 0.2% of all farms and cover only 0.5% ha of arable lands. Mean organic farm area is 28 hectares and is third bigger than the average for traditional farms, i.e. 8 hectares. Almost 90% of organic farms cover less than 50 hectares. Smaller organic farms are localized mainly in central Poland and in its southern part, whereas large ones are situated in the eastern and northern parts and along the western border of Poland. Meadows and pastures (52%) dominate in the structure of organic farms, arable lands (43%), orchards, berry plantations (4%) and vegetables (1%) place next. The most frequently cultivated crops include mostly potatoes, then rye and wheat. Organic farm development is greatly supported by the Government, which plans to increase their number to 10000 by 2010. In 2005 the total number of organic farms in the Malopolska area was 1177, the number of organic farms increased by 91% in comparison with 2004, whereas in relation to 2003 over three-fold increase was registered in the number of farms using ecological methods of production. The asset of organic agriculture development in the discussed province is a greatly numerous farmer population, low cost of labour force, low degree of intensification and chemical use in agriculture and low pollution of the natural environment.