Catastrophes, connectivity and Allee effects in the design of marine reserve networks
Catastrophes, connectivity and Allee effects in the design of marine reserve networks
复制标题
海洋保护区网络设计中的灾难、连通性和阿利效应
DOI：
10.1111/oik.07770
复制
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Hastings, Alan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
White, Easton R.;Baskett, Marissa L.;Hastings, Alan
像石油泄漏和飓风这样的灾难性事件在许多海洋系统中都会发生。海洋保护区的一个潜在作用是缓冲种群对干扰的影响，包括干扰驱动的种群在Allee效应下崩溃的可能性。这种缓冲能力依赖于提供救援效果的网络中的保护区，这就形成了一种权衡，既需要连接保护区以促进救援，又需要在空间中分布以防止同时灭绝。我们使用一组种群模型来研究如何分散能力和干扰制度相互作用，以确定最优的储备间距。我们将渔业纳入一个空间显式模型，以了解客观选择（例如保护与渔业产量）对最佳保护区间距的影响。我们发现，当Allee效应与灾难相互作用以增加灭绝概率时，当考虑灾难时，保护区之间的最佳间距增加，所需的间距更大。我们还表明，在灾难的存在下，保护和捕捞目标之间的经典权衡消失了。具体而言，我们发现在中等干扰水平下，为了增加种群持久性和最大化溢出到非保护区，最优的方法是分散保护区。
Catastrophic events, like oil spills and hurricanes, occur in many marine systems. One potential role of marine reserves is buffering populations against disturbances, including the potential for disturbance‐driven population collapses under Allee effects. This buffering capacity depends on reserves in a network providing rescue effects, setting up a tradeoff where reserves need to be connected to facilitate rescue, but also distributed in space to prevent simultaneous extinction. We use a set of population models to examine how dispersal ability and the disturbance regime interact to determine the optimal reserve spacing. We incorporate fishing in a spatially‐explicit model to understand the effect of objective choice (e.g. conservation versus fisheries yield) on the optimal reserve spacing. We show that the optimal spacing between reserves increases when accounting for catastrophes with larger spacing needed when Allee effects interact with catastrophes to increase the probability of extinction. We also show that classic tradeoffs between conservation and fishing objectives disappear in the presence of catastrophes. Specifically, we found that at intermediate levels of disturbance, it is optimal to spread out reserves in order to increase both population persistence and to maximize spillover into non‐reserve areas.