Systematic evaluation of skeletal mechanical function.
Systematic evaluation of skeletal mechanical function.
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DOI：
10.1002/9780470942390.mo130027
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发表时间：
2013-06
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许多遗传和环境干扰导致骨形态、基质组成和基质组织的可测量变化。骨骼系统是高度适应性的，例如影响一个特征的遗传和环境扰动通常伴随着其他特征的补偿性变化。例如，当试图得出关于基因作用的有意义的结论时，应该考虑这种适应。挑战是要弄清楚哪些改变可以归因于扰动，哪些是由与建立机械功能相关的适应性变化引起的。本章的目的是描述直接的生物力学方法，可以用来确定是否遗传或环境扰动影响骨强度。我们介绍了一种系统的方法来评估骨强度是如何改变的形态和组织水平的力学性能，这在很大程度上是由基质成分，基质组织和孔隙率。我们提出这项工作的第一步筛选小鼠的表型效应，并建立相关的生物力学机制，功能被改变。这些分析的结果通常提供了对进一步将细胞扰动与功能变化联系起来所需的下一组实验的洞察。编写这些方案是为了使没有工程背景的研究人员能够进行试验，或使研究人员能够更好地了解工程知识渊博的同事进行的类似试验的结果。
Many genetic and environmental perturbations lead to measurable changes in bone morphology, matrix composition, and matrix organization. The skeletal system is highly adaptive, such that genetic and environmental perturbations affecting one trait are often accompanied by compensatory changes in other traits. This adaptation should be considered when attempting to draw meaningful conclusions about the role of a gene, for example. The challenge is to figure out which alterations can be attributed to the perturbation and which result from adaptive changes associated with establishing mechanical function. The goal of this chapter is to describe straight-forward biomechanical methods that can be used to determine whether a genetic or environmental perturbation affected bone strength. We introduce a systematic method for evaluating how bone strength was altered in the context of morphology and tissue-level mechanical properties, which are determined in large part from matrix composition, matrix organization, and porosity. We present this work as a first step toward screening mice for a phenotypic effect and for establishing the associated biomechanical mechanism by which function was altered. The outcome of these analyses generally provides insight into the next set of experiments required to further connect the cellular perturbation with the functional changes. The protocols were written to enable researchers without a background in engineering to conduct the assays or to enable researchers to better understand the outcomes of similar assays conducted by colleagues knowledgeable in engineering.