Height, body mass index, and socioeconomic status: mendelian randomisation study in UK Biobank.
Height, body mass index, and socioeconomic status: mendelian randomisation study in UK Biobank.
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DOI：
10.1136/bmj.i582
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发表时间：
2016-03-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Frayling TM
中科院分区：
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作者：
Tyrrell J;Jones SE;Beaumont R;Astley CM;Lovell R;Yaghootkar H;Tuke M;Ruth KS;Freathy RM;Hirschhorn JN;Wood AR;Murray A;Weedon MN;Frayling TM
目的确定身高和体重指数(BMI)在衡量社会经济地位的五项指标中是否具有因果关系。设计孟德尔随机化研究，以检验身高和BMI差异对五项社会经济地位指标的因果影响。孟德尔随机化利用了这样一个事实，即基因类型在受孕时是随机分配的，因此不会被非遗传因素混淆。设置为英国生物库。参与者包括119名 669名英国血统的男性和女性，年龄在37岁到73岁之间。主要观察指标：完成全日制教育的年龄、学历、工种、家庭年收入、汤森德剥夺指数。结果在英国生物银行的研究中，从观察上看，身材较矮和BMI较高与社会经济地位较低的几个指标有关。在男性中，身材较矮与较低的社会经济地位之间的关联往往更强，而在女性中，较高的BMI与较低的社会经济地位之间的关联往往更强。例如，体重指数每增加1个标准差(SD)，男性的年家庭收入就会降低1个标准差(GB 210)(欧元276欧元；美元300美元；95%可信区间GB 84至GB 420；P=6×10−3)，女性的年家庭收入则会降低1个标准差(GB 1680至GB 2100；P=6×10−15)。遗传分析提供的证据表明，这些关联在一定程度上是因果关系。遗传决定的身高1 SD(6.3 cm)导致完成全日制教育的年龄增加0.06(0.02~0.09)岁(P=0.01)，从事技术职业的几率增加1.12(1.07~1.18)倍(P=6×10−7)，家庭年收入增加GB1130(GB680至GB1580)(P=4×10−8)。男性的联想更强。遗传决定的1SD高体重指数(4.6kgm2)仅在女性中导致GB2940(GB1680到GB4200；P=1×10−5)更低的家庭收入和0.10SD(0.04到0.16SD)更高的剥夺水平(P=0.001)。结论：这些数据支持的证据表明，身高和BMI在决定一个人的社会经济地位的几个方面起着重要的部分作用，特别是女性的收入和贫困的BMI，以及男性的教育、收入和工种的身高。这些发现具有重要的社会和健康影响，支持了超重者，尤其是女性处于劣势，而身高较高的人，尤其是男性处于优势的证据。
Objective To determine whether height and body mass index (BMI) have a causal role in five measures of socioeconomic status. Design Mendelian randomisation study to test for causal effects of differences in stature and BMI on five measures of socioeconomic status. Mendelian randomisation exploits the fact that genotypes are randomly assigned at conception and thus not confounded by non-genetic factors. Setting UK Biobank. Participants 119 669 men and women of British ancestry, aged between 37 and 73 years. Main outcome measures Age completed full time education, degree level education, job class, annual household income, and Townsend deprivation index. Results In the UK Biobank study, shorter stature and higher BMI were observationally associated with several measures of lower socioeconomic status. The associations between shorter stature and lower socioeconomic status tended to be stronger in men, and the associations between higher BMI and lower socioeconomic status tended to be stronger in women. For example, a 1 standard deviation (SD) higher BMI was associated with a £210 (€276; $300; 95% confidence interval £84 to £420; P=6×10−3) lower annual household income in men and a £1890 (£1680 to £2100; P=6×10−15) lower annual household income in women. Genetic analysis provided evidence that these associations were partly causal. A genetically determined 1 SD (6.3 cm) taller stature caused a 0.06 (0.02 to 0.09) year older age of completing full time education (P=0.01), a 1.12 (1.07 to 1.18) times higher odds of working in a skilled profession (P=6×10−7), and a £1130 (£680 to £1580) higher annual household income (P=4×10−8). Associations were stronger in men. A genetically determined 1 SD higher BMI (4.6 kg/m2) caused a £2940 (£1680 to £4200; P=1×10−5) lower annual household income and a 0.10 (0.04 to 0.16) SD (P=0.001) higher level of deprivation in women only. Conclusions These data support evidence that height and BMI play an important partial role in determining several aspects of a person’s socioeconomic status, especially women’s BMI for income and deprivation and men’s height for education, income, and job class. These findings have important social and health implications, supporting evidence that overweight people, especially women, are at a disadvantage and that taller people, especially men, are at an advantage.