Life-cycle regulation and life history plasticity in the speckled wood butterfly: are reaction norms
Life-cycle regulation and life history plasticity in the speckled wood butterfly: are reaction norms
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斑点木蝴蝶的生命周期调节和生命史可塑性：是反应规范
DOI：
10.1006/bijl.1995.0033
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发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
C. Wiklund
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Nylin;P. Wickman;C. Wiklund
我们调查了是否种群间的变化，在生命周期的调节和生活史可塑性，在光周期的反应，是可预测的考虑什么是适应性的生活周期和生活史在给定的环境中。对斑木蝶Pararge aegeria（L.）（鳞翅目：蛱蝶科），分布于瑞典中部和南部、英格兰、西班牙和马德拉。所有五个种群的昆虫在17°C下饲养10 h至20 h的所有日长。记录幼虫和蛹的发育时间。关于生命周期调节的类型和反应规范的形状的预测。在北方的三个种群中发现了滞育（幼虫的夏季滞育和冬季滞育，蛹的冬季滞育）的证据。tircis），但不是在两个南方人口（P. a. Aegeria）。滞育诱导的光周期阈值遵循预测的纬度模式，这也是关于直接发展的个人之间的发展时间（光周期）的定量调节的情况。在直接发展，发展时间逐渐缩短，在两个瑞典人口，这信号逐渐晚的日期较短的日照。这在英国、西班牙和马德拉群岛的种群中没有发现，因为在夏至之前存在一代或多代幼虫，所以这种反应可能是适应不良的。也有意想不到的结果，我们提出了初步的适应性解释。
We investigated whether interpopulational variation in life-cycle regulation and life-history plasticity, in response to photoperiod, is predictable from considerations of what would be the adaptive life cycle and life history in a given environment. The investigation was performed on five populations of the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), from central and south Sweden, England, Spain and Madeira. Insects from all five populations were reared at all daylengths from 10 h to 20 h at 17°C. Larval and pupal development times were noted. Predictions were met regarding the type of life-cycle regulation and the shape of reaction norms. Evidence for diapause (larval summer and winter diapause, pupal winter diapause) was found in the three northern populations (P. a. tircis) but not in the two southern populations (P. a. aegeria). Photoperiodic thresholds for diapause induction followed the predicted latitudinal patterns, and this was also the case regarding quantitative regulation of development time (by photoperiod) among directly developing individuals. Under direct development, development time was progressively shorter in shorter daylengths in the two Swedish populations, where this signals progressively later dates. This was not found in the English, Spanish and Madeiran populations where such a response is likely to be maladaptive, because one or more generations of larvae are present before summer solstice. There were also unexpected results, for which we propose preliminary adaptive explanations.