The Genome of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, the Causative Agent of Swine Erysipelas, Reveals New Insights into the Evolution of Firmicutes and the Organism's Intracellular Adaptations
The Genome of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, the Causative Agent of Swine Erysipelas, Reveals New Insights into the Evolution of Firmicutes and the Organism's Intracellular Adaptations
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DOI：
10.1128/jb.01500-10
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Shimoji, Yoshihiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ogawa, Yohsuke;Ooka, Tadasuke;Shimoji, Yoshihiro
丹毒丝菌rhusiopathiae是一种革兰氏阳性细菌，代表一个新的类别，丹毒毛，在厚壁菌门。该生物体是一种兼性细胞内病原体，可引起猪丹毒以及许多动物的多种疾病。在这里，我们报告的第一个完整的基因组序列分析的成员丹毒类。急诊rhusiopathiae基因组（1，787，941 bp）是厚壁菌门中最小的基因组之一。基于16 S rRNA基因和31个通用蛋白家族的系统发育分析表明，E. rhusiopathiae在遗传学上接近柔膜菌属，柔膜菌属包括支原体属物种。基因组分析表明，E. rhusiopathiae基因组与其他革兰氏阳性菌相似;它拥有一套完整的肽聚糖生物合成基因，双组分调控系统和各种细胞壁相关的毒力因子，包括荚膜和粘附素。然而，它缺乏许多用于壁磷壁酸（WTA）和脂磷壁酸（LTA）的生物合成的正向同源基因以及负责D-丙氨酸掺入WTA和LTA的dltABCD操纵子，这表明该生物体具有非典型细胞壁。此外，与柔膜菌一样，其基因组显示脂肪酸生物合成途径的完全丧失，并且缺乏用于许多氨基酸、辅因子和维生素的生物合成的基因，这表明基因组进化是还原性的。基因组编码9种抗氧化因子和9种磷脂酶，它们促进吞噬细胞的细胞内存活。因此，E. rhusiopathiae基因组代表了厚壁菌门和柔膜菌门的进化特征，并为细胞内生存的进化适应提供了新的见解。
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a Gram-positive bacterium that represents a new class, Erysipelotrichia, in the phylum Firmicutes. The organism is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes swine erysipelas, as well as a variety of diseases in many animals. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence analysis of a member of the class Erysipelotrichia. The E. rhusiopathiae genome (1,787,941 bp) is one of the smallest genomes in the phylum Firmicutes. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and 31 universal protein families suggest that E. rhusiopathiae is phylogenetically close to Mollicutes, which comprises Mycoplasma species. Genome analyses show that the overall features of the E. rhusiopathiae genome are similar to those of other Gram-positive bacteria; it possesses a complete set of peptidoglycan biosynthesis genes, two-component regulatory systems, and various cell wall-associated virulence factors, including a capsule and adhesins. However, it lacks many orthologous genes for the biosynthesis of wall teichoic acids (WTA) and lipoteichoic acids (LTA) and the dltABCD operon, which is responsible for D-alanine incorporation into WTA and LTA, suggesting that the organism has an atypical cell wall. In addition, like Mollicutes, its genome shows a complete loss of fatty acid biosynthesis pathways and lacks the genes for the biosynthesis of many amino acids, cofactors, and vitamins, indicating reductive genome evolution. The genome encodes nine antioxidant factors and nine phospholipases, which facilitate intracellular survival in phagocytes. Thus, the E. rhusiopathiae genome represents evolutionary traits of both Firmicutes and Mollicutes and provides new insights into its evolutionary adaptations for intracellular survival.