Physical, Chemical, and Microbial Quality of Floodwaters in Houston Following Hurricane Harvey
Physical, Chemical, and Microbial Quality of Floodwaters in Houston Following Hurricane Harvey
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.9b00792
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发表时间：
2019-05-07
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Rifai, Hanadi S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kiaghadi, Amin;Rifai, Hanadi S.
飓风哈维带来了50多人。2017年8月25日，大休斯顿都会区（GHMA）部分地区开始降雨;飓风还对环境基础设施造成破坏，如废水设施，超级基金场地以及工业和市政设施的泄漏和溢出。这项研究收集了哈维飓风后数周多条河流的水质数据。除了测量影响外，该研究还将观察到的几种物理，化学和微生物成分的浓度以及水特性与历史上的对应物进行了比较，以了解哈维对GHMA内自然水系统的水质影响。观察到不寻常的水质结果，如低pH值，可能对生态系统产生急性和慢性影响，包括加尔维斯顿湾牡蛎种群的损失。采用E.大肠杆菌作为指示剂，在GHMA通常报告的历史标准范围内。在哈维之后测得的溶解金属的观测水平虽然相对较低，但当乘以从海湾排放到加尔维斯顿湾的大量水时，意味着向河口输送了大量的微量金属。具体而言，预计颗粒相中的负载将累积并在很长一段时间内逐渐重新分配至溶解相。总金属浓度，当相对于其历史对应值升高时，可能与工业活动的存在有关。总体而言，人类活动，包括存在的水力防洪结构，当地径流从工业化地区，和积极的超级基金网站被认为是影响短期急性水质影响的关键因素。流域很少人为改变经历了最小的水质变化，并有相对较快的恢复后哈维。
Hurricane Harvey brought more than 50 in. of rainfall to some areas of the Greater Houston Metro area (GHMA) starting on August 25, 2017; the Hurricane was also associated with damage to environmental infrastructure such as wastewater facilities, superfund sites, and leaks and spills from industrial and municipal facilities. This study collected post-Harvey water quality data in multiple streams for several weeks after the Hurricane. In addition to measuring impact, the study compared the observed concentrations of several physical, chemical, and microbial constituents and water properties to their historical counterparts in an effort to understand the water quality impacts of Harvey on the natural water systems within the GHMA. Unusual water quality findings such as low pH were observed that likely had acute and chronic effects on ecosystems including the loss of oyster populations in Galveston Bay. In-stream microbial concentrations, using E. coli as the indicator, were within historical norms typically reported for the GHMA. The observed levels of measured dissolved metals post Harvey, while relatively low, when multiplied by the significant volume of water discharged from bayous to Galveston Bay, meant the delivery of a substantial load of trace metals to the estuary. Specifically, the load in the particulate phase would be expected to accumulate and gradually repartition to the dissolved phase for a long period of time. Total metal concentrations, when elevated relative to their historical counterparts, could be associated with the presence of industrial activities. Overall, anthropogenic activities including the presence of hydraulic flood control structures, local runoff from industrialized areas, and active superfund sites were recognized as key factors affecting short-term acute water quality impacts. Watersheds with very little human alterations experienced minimal water quality changes and had relatively rapid recoveries post-Harvey.