Responses to a warming world: Integrating life history, immune investment, and pathogen resistance in a model insect species.
Responses to a warming world: Integrating life history, immune investment, and pathogen resistance in a model insect species.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.3506
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发表时间：
2017-11
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Knell RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Laughton AM;O'Connor CO;Knell RJ
环境温度对变温动物的生理和生活史有重要影响，包括对免疫系统的投资和病原体的感染能力。许多研究已经检查了这些复杂系统的各个组成部分，但当动物暴露于不同温度时，它们如何整合却知之甚少。在这里，我们使用印度谷蛾（Plodia interpunctella）来了解免疫投资和抗病性如何反应，以及与其他生活史特征的潜在权衡。我们记录了生活史（发育时间，存活率，繁殖力和体型）和免疫力（血细胞计数，酚氧化酶活性）测量，并在五种温度（20-30°C）下测试了对细菌（大肠杆菌）和病毒（Plodia interpunctella granulosis virus）感染的抗性。虽然发育时间，寿命和大小随着温度的下降，如预期的那样，蛾表现出不同的生殖策略，以应对温度的微小变化。在较冷的温度下，产卵率低，但往往增加对生命的结束，而温暖的温度促进最初的高产卵率，迅速下降后的头几天的成年生活。虽然温暖的温度与早期繁殖的强烈投资有关，但没有证据表明与免疫投资相关的权衡。酚氧化酶活性增加最在较冷的温度平台之前，而血细胞计数随温度呈线性增加。细菌挑战的阻力显示了一个复杂的模式，而病毒挑战后的生存增加饲养温度。这些结果表明，不同的免疫系统成分和不同的病原体可以以不同的方式对温度变化作出反应。总体而言，这些数据突出了免疫力，抗病性和宿主-寄生虫种群动态的显着变化范围，这些变化来自环境温度的小的生物相关变化。鉴于全球变暖，了解这些复杂的相互作用对于预测昆虫病媒和作物害虫对公共卫生和粮食安全的潜在影响至关重要。
Environmental temperature has important effects on the physiology and life history of ectothermic animals, including investment in the immune system and the infectious capacity of pathogens. Numerous studies have examined individual components of these complex systems, but little is known about how they integrate when animals are exposed to different temperatures. Here, we use the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) to understand how immune investment and disease resistance react and potentially trade‐off with other life‐history traits. We recorded life‐history (development time, survival, fecundity, and body size) and immunity (hemocyte counts, phenoloxidase activity) measures and tested resistance to bacterial (E. coli) and viral (Plodia interpunctella granulosis virus) infection at five temperatures (20–30°C). While development time, lifespan, and size decreased with temperature as expected, moths exhibited different reproductive strategies in response to small changes in temperature. At cooler temperatures, oviposition rates were low but tended to increase toward the end of life, whereas warmer temperatures promoted initially high oviposition rates that rapidly declined after the first few days of adult life. Although warmer temperatures were associated with strong investment in early reproduction, there was no evidence of an associated trade‐off with immune investment. Phenoloxidase activity increased most at cooler temperatures before plateauing, while hemocyte counts increased linearly with temperature. Resistance to bacterial challenge displayed a complex pattern, whereas survival after a viral challenge increased with rearing temperature. These results demonstrate that different immune system components and different pathogens can respond in distinct ways to changes in temperature. Overall, these data highlight the scope for significant changes in immunity, disease resistance, and host–parasite population dynamics to arise from small, biologically relevant changes to environmental temperature. In light of global warming, understanding these complex interactions is vital for predicting the potential impact of insect disease vectors and crop pests on public health and food security.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2000.0984
发表时间：
2000-01-22
影响因子：
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作者：
Barnes, AI;Siva-Jothy, MT
通讯作者：
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