Use of indigenous ecological knowledge of the Maasai pastoralists for assessing rangeland biodiversity in Tanzania
Use of indigenous ecological knowledge of the Maasai pastoralists for assessing rangeland biodiversity in Tanzania
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2028.2003.00479.x
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发表时间：
2003-12-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Colman, JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mapinduzi, AL;Oba, G;Colman, JE
本文结合了马赛牧民的本土生态知识（IEK）和生态方法，从宏观和微观景观尺度评估放牧和耕作对坦桑尼亚北部牧场生物多样性的影响。与牧民的联合调查确定了指示植物物种及其与微景观和牲畜放牧适宜性（即牛和小型反刍动物放牧）的关联，同时评估了传统牛犊牧场保护区（alalili pl. alalilia）对牧场生物多样性的保护。宏观景观包括凉爽高原（osupuko pl. isipuki）和山地森林高地（endim）。在微观景观尺度上，osupuko被分为高地（orkung'u）、斜坡（andamata）和干谷低地（ayarata）。根据草本植物物种和木本物种丰富度以及土壤侵蚀风险对微景观进行评估。生物多样性在宏观和微观景观尺度上并根据土地利用类型而变化。与农牧景观相比，田园景观具有更大的植物物种多样性和更少的侵蚀风险。放牧犊牛的牧场比非犊牛牧场的草本物种丰富度更高，而非犊牛牧场的木本物种也更多。该研究的结论是，本土景观分类系统为评估牧场生物多样性提供了宝贵的基础，生态学家应将其纳入未来东非牧场的生态调查中。
This paper incorporates the indigenous ecological knowledge (IEK) of the Maasai pastoralists and ecological methods to assess effects of grazing and cropping on rangeland biodiversity at macro- and micro-landscape scales in northern Tanzania. The joint surveys with pastoralists identified indicator plant species and their associations with micro-landscapes and livestock grazing suitability (i.e. for cattle and small ruminant grazing), while traditional calf-pasture reserves (alalili pl. alalilia) were evaluated for preservation of rangeland biodiversity. The macro-landscapes comprising the cool high plateau (osupuko pl. isipuki) and montane forest highland (endim) were included in the survey. At micro-landscape scales, the osupuko was classified into uplands (orkung'u), slopes (andamata) and dry valley bottomlands (ayarata). The micro-landscapes were assessed in terms of herbaceous plant species and woody species richness and risks of soil erosion. Biodiversity varied at both the macro- and micro-landscape scales and in accordance with the land-use types. Greater plant species diversity and less erosion risks were found in the pastoral landscapes than in the agro-pastoral landscapes. The calf-grazing pastures had greater herbaceous species richness than the non-calf pastures, which in turn had more woody species. The study concludes that the indigenous systems of landscape classification provides a valuable basis for assessing rangeland biodiversity, which ecologists should incorporate into ecological surveys of the rangelands in East Africa in the future.