Adenovirus Biology, Recombinant Adenovirus, and Adenovirus Usage in Gene Therapy.

Adenovirus Biology, Recombinant Adenovirus, and Adenovirus Usage in Gene Therapy.
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腺病毒生物学,重组腺病毒和基因治疗中的腺病毒用法。

DOI:
10.3390/v13122502
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发表时间:
2021-12-14
期刊:
Viruses
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kosai KI
Kosai KI
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Watanabe M;Nishikawaji Y;Kawakami H;Kosai KI

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基因治疗目前受到公众的关注。多种基因治疗产品,包括主要在癌细胞中复制并杀死癌细胞的溶瘤病毒 (OV) 和 COVID-19 疫苗最近已商业化。重组腺病毒,包括复制缺陷型腺病毒载体和条件复制型腺病毒(CRA;溶瘤腺病毒),已被广泛研究并用于癌症和疫苗的临床试验。在这里,我们回顾了野生型腺病毒的生物学、构建重组腺病毒的方法原理、重组腺病毒的治疗应用以及基于多能干细胞(PSC)的再生医学新技术。此外,本文描述了高效构建多种“多因子特异性靶向肿瘤的 CRA”(m-CRA)的技术平台。该技术允许对腺病毒 E1 区域的四个部分进行修饰,然后插入治疗基因和启动子,以增强癌症特异性病毒复制(即安全性)以及治疗效果。使用 m-CRA 技术的筛选研究成功地将生存素反应性 m-CRA (Surv.m-CRA) 确定为最好的 m-CRA,Surv.m-CRA 针对癌症患者的临床试验正在进行中。本文还介绍了基于重组腺病毒的新技术,用于解决基于 PSC 的再生医学问题。
Gene therapy is currently in the public spotlight. Several gene therapy products, including oncolytic virus (OV), which predominantly replicates in and kills cancer cells, and COVID-19 vaccines have recently been commercialized. Recombinant adenoviruses, including replication-defective adenoviral vector and conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRA; oncolytic adenovirus), have been extensively studied and used in clinical trials for cancer and vaccines. Here, we review the biology of wild-type adenoviruses, the methodological principle for constructing recombinant adenoviruses, therapeutic applications of recombinant adenoviruses, and new technologies in pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based regenerative medicine. Moreover, this article describes the technology platform for efficient construction of diverse “CRAs that can specifically target tumors with multiple factors” (m-CRAs). This technology allows for modification of four parts in the adenoviral E1 region and the subsequent insertion of a therapeutic gene and promoter to enhance cancer-specific viral replication (i.e., safety) as well as therapeutic effects. The screening study using the m-CRA technology successfully identified survivin-responsive m-CRA (Surv.m-CRA) as among the best m-CRAs, and clinical trials of Surv.m-CRA are underway for patients with cancer. This article also describes new recombinant adenovirus-based technologies for solving issues in PSC-based regenerative medicine.
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