Toll-like receptor signaling in endogenous neuroprotection and stroke.

Toll-like receptor signaling in endogenous neuroprotection and stroke.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.07.067
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发表时间:
2009-02-06
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Stenzel-Poore MP
Stenzel-Poore MP
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Marsh BJ;Williams-Karnesky RL;Stenzel-Poore MP

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中风和其他脑血管疾病是美国发病率和死亡率的主要原因。尽管进行了深入的研究以确定减轻脑血管损伤的干预措施,但没有主要的治疗方法。卒中预防的发展涉及对脑缺血后损伤机制的理解,以及对对抗进一步脑损伤的内源性机制的阐明。Toll样受体(TLR)是先天免疫系统的重要组成部分,最近已被证明介导缺血性损伤。特别地,全身给予TLR配体诱导对随后的缺血性损伤的耐受状态。在此,我们认为,刺激TLR缺血前重编程TLR信号发生缺血性损伤后。这种重编程导致促炎分子的表达受到抑制,并且共同赋予强大的神经保护作用的许多抗炎介质的表达增强。我们的研究结果表明,许多预处理刺激导致TLR激活,缺血前发生的事件,并最终导致TLR重编程。因此,TLR信号的基因组重编程可能是脑缺血耐受的统一原则。
Stroke and other cerebral vascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Despite intensive research to identify interventions that lessen cerebrovascular injury, no major therapies exist. Development of stroke prophylaxis involves an understanding of the mechanisms of damage following cerebral ischemia, and elucidation of the endogenous mechanisms that combat further brain injury. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical components of the innate immune system that have been shown recently to mediate ischemic injury. Paradoxically, TLR ligands administered systemically induce a state of tolerance to subsequent ischemic injury. Herein we suggest that stimulation of TLRs prior to ischemia reprograms TLR signaling that occurs following ischemic injury. Such reprogramming leads to suppressed expression of pro-inflammatory molecules and enhanced expression of numerous anti-inflammatory mediators that collectively confer robust neuroprotection. Our findings indicate that numerous preconditioning stimuli lead to TLR activation, an event that occurs prior to ischemia and ultimately leads to TLR reprogramming. Thus genomic reprogramming of TLR signaling may be a unifying principle of tolerance to cerebral ischemia.
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