DIVERSE EFFECTS OF ESSENTIAL (N-6 AND N-3) FATTY-ACIDS ON CULTURED-CELLS
DIVERSE EFFECTS OF ESSENTIAL (N-6 AND N-3) FATTY-ACIDS ON CULTURED-CELLS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/bf00762377
复制
发表时间：
1994-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
MILLER, WM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GRAMMATIKOS, SI;SUBBAIAH, PV;MILLER, WM
脂肪酸（FAs）长期以来被认为在缺乏葡萄糖的情况下具有营养价值，并且是细胞膜的必要成分。然而，FAs对细胞还有其他不太为人所知的影响。饮食来源的多不饱和脂肪酸（n-6和n-3）不能由哺乳动物合成，被称为“必需”，因为它们是特殊细胞和组织的最佳生物功能所必需的。然而，它们似乎不是培养中各种细胞正常生长和代谢所必需的。近年来，必需脂肪酸（EFAs）受到越来越多的关注，因为它们被认为与心血管疾病以及乳腺癌、胰腺癌、结肠癌和前列腺癌有关。许多体外系统已经出现，要么直接检查EFAs在人类疾病中的作用，要么利用EFAs模拟体内细胞环境。EFAs对细胞的影响既有直接的，也有间接的。作为膜磷脂的组成部分，由于其不同的结构和物理性质，EFAs可以改变膜的流动性，至少在局部环境中，并影响通过膜介导的任何过程。含有20个碳和至少3个双键的EFAs可以酶促转化为类二十烷激素，在多种生理和病理过程中发挥重要作用。另外，从磷脂释放到细胞中的EFAs可以作为激活蛋白激酶c的第二信使。此外，对氧化损伤的易感性随着不饱和程度的增加而增加，这是一个值得考虑的并发症，因为脂质过氧化可导致多种具有毒性和诱变特性的物质。EFAs对培养细胞的影响用正常和肿瘤人乳腺上皮细胞的反应来说明。全面评估脂肪酸对商业上重要的细胞的影响，可以通过确定脂肪酸补充剂来改善细胞生长和/或生产力，从而在生物技术工业中发挥优势。
Fatty acids (FAs) have long been recognized for their nutritional value in the absence of glucose, and as necessary components of cell membranes. However, FAs have other effects on cells that may be less familiar. Polyunsaturated FAs of dietary origin (n-6 and n-3) cannot be synthesized by mammals, and are termed 'essential' because they are required for the optimal biologic function of specialized cells and tissues. However, they do not appear to be necessary for normal growth and metabolism of a variety of cells in culture. The essential fatty acids (EFAs) have received increased attention in recent years due to their presumed involvement in cardiovascular disorders and in cancers of the breast, pancreas, colon and prostate. Many in vitro systems have emerged which either examine the role of EFAs in human disease directly, or utilize EFAs to mimic the in vivo cellular environment. The effects of EFAs on cells are both direct and indirect. As components of membrane phospholipids, and due to their varying structural and physical properties, EFAs can alter membrane fluidity, at least in the local environment, and affect any process that is mediated via the membrane. EFAs containing 20 carbons and at least three double bonds can be enzymatically converted to eicosanoid hormones, which play important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Alternatively, EFAs released into cells from phospholipids can act as second messengers that activate protein kinase C. Furthermore, susceptibility to oxidative damage increases with the degree of unsaturation, a complication that merits consideration because lipid peroxidation can lead to a variety of substances with toxic and mutagenic properties. The effects of EFAs on cultured cells are illustrated using the responses of normal and tumor human mammary epithelial cells. A thorough evaluation of EFA effects on commercially important cells could be used to advantage in the biotechnology industry by identifying EFA supplements that lead to improved cell growth and/or productivity.