Opportunities and benefits for increasing transmission capacity between the US eastern and western interconnections
Opportunities and benefits for increasing transmission capacity between the US eastern and western interconnections
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增加美国东西部互联之间传输容量的机遇和好处
DOI：
10.31274/etd-180810-5757
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Armando L. Figueroa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Armando L. Figueroa
从历史上看，在美国和世界各地建设广域输电线路的主要理由是基于可靠性和经济标准。如今，可再生能源组合标准（RPS）、环境保护署（EPA）法规、输电需求、负载多样性和电网灵活性要求的影响推动了人们对大容量广域输电的兴趣。通过使用优化模型进行长期（15年）的发电和输电扩展规划的协同优化，这项工作探讨了在不同的政策和未来假设下增加美国东部和西部互联网之间的输电容量的好处。该模型在满足不同政策约束的同时，评估了交叉互联HVDC输电投资、每个互联内的交流输电需求、发电投资成本和运营成本之间的权衡。运营成本被分解为以下市场产品：能源、上调/下调储备和应急储备。此外，系统运行灵活性要求被建模为净负荷变化的函数，使得非风能/非太阳能资源的灵活性随着风能和太阳能投资的增加而增加。此外，规划储备约束条件下，他们被施加的条件下，可交付的负载。因此，该模型允许现有的和候选的发电资源的运营储备和可交付的规划储备在整个互连，一个功能，显着驱动识别的最低成本的投资。该模型与北美电网的169总线表示一起使用，以设计四种不同的大容量广域传输基础设施。这一分析的结果表明，根据政策，
Historically, the primary justification for building wide-area transmission lines in the US and around the world has been based on reliability and economic criteria. Today, the influence of renewable portfolio standards (RPS), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations, transmission needs, load diversity, and grid flexibility requirements drives interest in high capacity wide-area transmission. By making use of an optimization model to perform long-term (15 years) co-optimized generation and transmission expansion planning, this work explored the benefits of increasing transmission capacity between the US Eastern and Western Interconnections under different policy and futures assumptions. The model assessed tradeoffs between investments in cross-interconnection HVDC transmission, AC transmission needs within each interconnection, generation investment costs, and operational costs, while satisfying different policy compliance constraints. Operational costs were broken down into the following market products: energy, up-/down regulation reserve, and contingency reserve. In addition, the system operating flexibility requirements were modeled as a function of net-load variability so that the flexibility of the non-wind/non-solar resources increases with increased wind and solar investment. In addition, planning reserve constraints are imposed under the condition that they be deliverable to the load. Thus, the model allows existing and candidate generation resources for both operating reserves and deliverable planning reserves to be shared throughout the interconnections, a feature which significantly drives identification of least-cost investments. This model is used with a 169-bus representation of the North American power grid to design four different high-capacity widearea transmission infrastructures. Results from this analysis suggest that, under policy that