Adaptive shifts underlie the divergence in wing morphology in bombycoid moths
Adaptive shifts underlie the divergence in wing morphology in bombycoid moths
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2021.0677
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发表时间：
2021-08-11
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Sponberg, Simon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aiello, Brett R.;Tan, Milton;Sponberg, Simon
扑翼飞行的进化与昆虫的多产成功有关。在昆虫纲中，翅膀形态多样化，强烈影响空气动力学性能。在生态机会的存在下，离散的适应性转变和早期爆发是两个过程假设引起异常形态多样化。在这里，我们使用的姐妹家庭Sphingidae和Saturniidae回答空气动力学的重要特征的演变是如何与分支分歧，并通过什么过程（ES）这些特征的演变。许多敏捷的天蛾科进化出盘旋进食行为，而成年的天蛾科缺乏功能性的口器，并依赖于成年时固定的能量预算。我们发现，天蛾科经历了适应性转变，在机翼形态与生活史和行为分歧相一致，发展小的高展弦比的翅膀有利于功率降低，可以在高频率移动，有利于飞行控制。相比之下，Saturniidae，不作为成年人进食，进化出大翅膀和形态，令人惊讶的是，这并没有减少空气动力学的力量，但可能有助于他们不稳定的飞行行为，帮助捕食者避免。我们认为，在扑翼飞行的进化，多样化的翅膀形态可以加强适应性的转变，塑造跨昆虫的翅膀形态的多样性。
The evolution of flapping flight is linked to the prolific success of insects. Across Insecta, wing morphology diversified, strongly impacting aerodynamic performance. In the presence of ecological opportunity, discrete adaptive shifts and early bursts are two processes hypothesized to give rise to exceptional morphological diversification. Here, we use the sister-families Sphingidae and Saturniidae to answer how the evolution of aerodynamically important traits is linked to clade divergence and through what process(es) these traits evolve. Many agile Sphingidae evolved hover feeding behaviours, while adult Saturniidae lack functional mouth parts and rely on a fixed energy budget as adults. We find that Sphingidae underwent an adaptive shift in wing morphology coincident with life history and behaviour divergence, evolving small high aspect ratio wings advantageous for power reduction that can be moved at high frequencies, beneficial for flight control. By contrast, Saturniidae, which do not feed as adults, evolved large wings and morphology which surprisingly does not reduce aerodynamic power, but could contribute to their erratic flight behaviour, aiding in predator avoidance. We suggest that after the evolution of flapping flight, diversification of wing morphology can be potentiated by adaptative shifts, shaping the diversity of wing morphology across insects.