Biodiversity, productivity, and the spatial insurance hypothesis revisited.
Biodiversity, productivity, and the spatial insurance hypothesis revisited.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.06.017
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发表时间：
2015-09-07
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Perrings C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shanafelt DW;Dieckmann U;Jonas M;Franklin O;Loreau M;Perrings C
生物多样性丧失的加速促使生态学家探索物种丰富度对生态系统功能和生态系统服务流动的影响。生物多样性和生态系统功能之间关系的一种解释是空间保险假说，该假说的核心思想是，在一个时间变化、空间异质的环境中，生产力和稳定性随着生物多样性的增加而增加。然而，很少有工作的影响，分散的环境风险或多或少的空间相关性，或分散率是可变的。在本文中，我们扩展了原来的Loreau模型，考虑随机的时间变化的资源可用性，我们称之为“环境风险”，和异质性的物种扩散率。我们发现，跨社区和物种的生态系统提供了社区层面的稳定生产力的影响，尽管不同水平的物种丰富度。虽然中间分散率在减轻风险方面发挥了作用，但它们在确保生产力免受全球（元集聚水平）风险方面的效果不如地方（个体社区水平）风险。考虑到气候变化等全球风险源的出现或世界市场的更紧密一体化，这些结果尤其令人感兴趣。我们的研究结果为Loreau模型提供了更深入的见解，并为面对环境风险时空间保险的有效性提供了新的视角。
Accelerating rates of biodiversity loss have led ecologists to explore the effects of species richness on ecosystem functioning and the flow of ecosystem services. One explanation of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning lies in the spatial insurance hypothesis, which centers on the idea that productivity and stability increase with biodiversity in a temporally varying, spatially heterogeneous environment. However, there has been little work on the impact of dispersal where environmental risks are more or less spatially correlated, or where dispersal rates are variable. In this paper, we extend the original Loreau model to consider stochastic temporal variation in resource availability, which we refer to as “environmental risk,” and heterogeneity in species dispersal rates. We find that asynchronies across communities and species provide community-level stabilizing effects on productivity, despite varying levels of species richness. Although intermediate dispersal rates play a role in mitigating risk, they are less effective in insuring productivity against global (metacommunity-level) than local (individual community-level) risks. These results are particularly interesting given the emergence of global sources of risk such as climate change or the closer integration of world markets. Our results offer deeper insights into the Loreau model and new perspectives on the effectiveness of spatial insurance in the face of environmental risks.