Heterogeneity of the Pancreatic Beta Cell.
Heterogeneity of the Pancreatic Beta Cell.
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DOI：
10.3389/fgene.2017.00022
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Sussel L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gutierrez GD;Gromada J;Sussel L
胰腺β细胞通过整合各种信号来响应不断变化的代谢需求，从而发挥血糖水平的关键调节作用。 β细胞身份的变化转化为功能不同的亚群，代表了一种有趣的机制，使β细胞能够有效地响应不同的生理和病理生理条件。最近，有新的证据表明β细胞之间存在形态和功能差异。此外，新型单细胞技术能够表征单个β细胞的分子身份，这在β细胞领域开创了一个新时代。这些研究提供了有关 β 细胞异质性的起源、不同 β 细胞亚群的类型和比例及其内在特性的重要新信息。此外，不同β细胞亚群的特征可以不同地提供针对糖尿病的保护或驱动糖尿病的进展，这对于糖尿病预防、β细胞再生和干细胞治疗具有重要的临床意义。在这篇综述中，我们将评估支持β细胞异质群体存在的证据以及可能影响其形成的因素。我们还将讨论使用胰岛单细胞分析的新研究，这些研究为理解 β 细胞异质性提供了重要信息，并讨论可能与这些新技术相关的注意事项。
The pancreatic beta cell functions as a key regulator of blood glucose levels by integrating a variety of signals in response to changing metabolic demands. Variations in beta cell identity that translate into functionally different subpopulations represent an interesting mechanism to allow beta cells to efficiently respond to diverse physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Recently, there is emerging evidence that morphological and functional differences between beta cells exist. Furthermore, the ability of novel single cell technologies to characterize the molecular identity of individual beta cells has created a new era in the beta cell field. These studies are providing important novel information about the origin of beta cell heterogeneity, the type and proportions of the different beta cell subpopulations, as well as their intrinsic properties. Furthermore, characterization of different beta cell subpopulations that could variably offer protection from or drive progression of diabetes has important clinical implications in diabetes prevention, beta cell regeneration and stem cell treatments. In this review, we will assess the evidence that supports the existence of heterogeneous populations of beta cells and the factors that could influence their formation. We will also address novel studies using islet single cell analysis that have provided important information toward understanding beta cell heterogeneity and discuss the caveats that may be associated with these new technologies.