Links between Natural Variation in the Microbiome and Host Fitness in Wild Mammals
Links between Natural Variation in the Microbiome and Host Fitness in Wild Mammals
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DOI：
10.1093/icb/icx104
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Suzuki, Taichi A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Suzuki, Taichi A.
最近对模式生物的研究表明，微生物组的组成变化可以影响各种宿主表型，包括与消化、发育、免疫和行为相关的表型。自然种群和物种内部和之间的微生物组的自然变异也可能影响宿主表型，从而影响野生环境中的适应性。在这里，我回顾了最近的证据表明，微生物组的组成变化可能会影响野生哺乳动物的宿主表型和适应性。过去十年的研究表明，哺乳动物微生物组的自然变异可能在帮助从不同饮食类型中摄取能量、植物次生化合物解毒、保护免受病原体、化学通讯和行为方面非常重要。我讨论了在一个系统中结合现场观察和操作实验的重要性，以充分表征微生物组的功能和适应性效应。最后，我讨论了哺乳动物微生物组协会的进化后果，提出了一个框架来测试宿主的自然选择是如何介导的微生物组。
Recent studies in model organisms have shown that compositional variation in the microbiome can affect a variety of host phenotypes including those related to digestion, development, immunity, and behavior. Natural variation in the microbiome within and between natural populations and species may also affect host phenotypes and thus fitness in the wild. Here, I review recent evidence that compositional variation in the microbiome may affect host phenotypes and fitness in wild mammals. Studies over the last decade indicate that natural variation in the mammalian microbiome may be important in the assistance of energy uptake from different diet types, detoxification of plant secondary compounds, protection from pathogens, chemical communication, and behavior. I discuss the importance of combining both field observations and manipulative experiments in a single system to fully characterize the functions and fitness effects of the microbiome. Finally, I discuss the evolutionary consequences of mammal-microbiome associations by proposing a framework to test how natural selection on hosts is mediated by the microbiome.