RUSI 154_3 Text June 2009.indd
RUSI 154_3 Text June 2009.indd
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RUSI 154_3 文本 2009 年 6 月.indd
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
V. Bhargava
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Gupta;S. Garg;V. Bhargava
越来越多的人认为英国人不再擅长反叛乱（COIN）。具有讽刺意味的是，就在几年前，英国高级官员还觉得可以教训美国人（这让他们很恼火），把美国在伊拉克的问题与英国从帝国末期以来成功的硬币运动记录相对照。美国陆军和海军陆战队于2006年12月编制了一份新的硬币手册（FM 3-24），目前世界各地的军队都在使用。2本手册介绍了2005年至2006年在伊拉克的美国军队开发和道路测试的新硬币战术和能力。在我周围，英国人开始失去对巴士拉的控制。2008年3月，在美军的支持下，伊拉克军队从什叶派民兵手中夺回了巴士拉市的控制权，英国在伊拉克的失败是彻底的。因此，《经济学人》指出英国军队中出现了“一种新的自我怀疑情绪”也就不足为奇了，一位英国将军宣称，在小规模战争中，“我们迷失了方向”。伊拉克的失败给英国在阿富汗的战役蒙上了长长的阴影。他的结论是，这两种情况都表明，“我们缺乏军队、财富和胃口，只想进行最激烈的冲突”。正如缺乏意愿、资源和战略削弱了在伊拉克的军事行动，硬币机也是如此。
There is a growing consensus that the Bri sh are no longer any good at counter-insurgency (COIN). The irony is that just a few years ago, senior Bri sh officers felt able to lecture the Americans (much to their annoyance), o en contras ng US problems in Iraq with Britain’s record of successful COIN campaigns from the end of empire.1Now the roles appear reversed. The US Army and Marine Corps produced a new COIN manual (FM 3-24) in December 2006 that is now in use by militaries the world over.2 Informing this manual are new COIN tac cs and capabili es that were developed and road-tested by US ba alions in Iraq in 2005–06. Around this me, the Bri sh were beginning to lose their hold over Basra. Bri sh failure in Iraq was complete when it was le to the Iraqi Army, supported by the US military, to wrestle back control of Basra city from Shia mili a in March 2008.3 It is hardly surprising, therefore, that The Economist should note ‘a new mood of self-doubt’ in the Bri sh military, ci ng one Bri sh general as declaring that ‘we have lost our way’ when it comes to small wars.4 The failure of Iraq casts a long shadow over the Bri sh campaign in Afghanistan.5 Cri cs rou nely pair the two campaigns, concluding that both demonstrate that ‘we lack the troops, wealth and stomach for anything more than the briefest conflict’.6 Just as the lack of will, resources and strategy undercut military opera ons in Iraq, so COIN MACHINE