Wind energy's bycatch: Offshore wind deployment impacts on hydropower operation and migratory fish
Wind energy's bycatch: Offshore wind deployment impacts on hydropower operation and migratory fish
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rser.2021.110885
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发表时间：
2021-03-19
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
Baker, Erin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pfeiffer, Olivia;Nock, Destenie;Baker, Erin
水电在维持电网可靠性方面发挥着关键作用，但利用水电平衡间歇性可再生资源（如太阳能和风能）的高度渗透所带来的变化，其生态影响存在不确定性。水电可以在宏观生态层面提供优势（例如，减少温室气体排放），但它可能在地方层面产生重大环境影响（例如，在洄游和繁殖期增加对鱼类的风险）。以新英格兰地区为例，我们使用电力模型来估计水电运行如何随着海上风电容量在系统层面的增加而变化。然后，我们将水电能源生产的变化与当地对河流生态系统和洄游鱼类生命周期的影响联系起来。我们发现，将海上风电容量从1600兆瓦增加到10,000兆瓦，是4月份平均每小时水力发电需求和相关河流流量的两倍多。这种增加的流量与康涅狄格河上唯一濒临灭绝的鱼类——短鼻鲟的迁徙时间一致。另外，受海上风电装机容量增加影响最大的大部分月份，并不与关键的鱼类生命周期事件相吻合。其他可持续发展的好处，包括减少空气污染和水的消耗，可以通过部署海上风电来实现。我们的研究结果表明，为了平衡全球（即二氧化碳减排）和当地（即鱼类迁徙）的环境问题，需要一系列解决方案来解决可再生能源的并网问题。
Hydropower plays a key role in maintaining grid reliability, but there is uncertainty regarding the ecological implications of using hydropower to balance variability from high penetration of intermittent renewable resources, such as solar and wind. Hydropower can offer advantages at the macro-ecological level (e.g., reduced greenhouse gas emissions), however it may have significant environmental impact on a local level (e.g., increased risk to fish species during migration and breeding periods). Using the New England region as a case study, we use an electricity model to estimate how hydropower operation changes as offshore wind capacity increases at a system level. We then tie alterations in hydropower energy production to local impacts on riverine ecosystems and the lifecycle of migratory fish. We find that increasing offshore wind capacity from 1600 to 10,000 MW more than doubles the average hourly hydropower ramping need and the associated river flowrate during April. This increased flowrate aligns with the migration timing of the lone endangered fish species on the Connecticut River, the shortnose sturgeon. Alternatively, the majority of months in which hydropower operation is most strongly impacted by the addition of offshore wind capacity do not coincide with key fish lifecycle events. Other sustainability benefits, including reduced air pollution and water consumption, can be achieved through deployments of offshore wind. Our results suggest that in order to balance global (i.e., CO2 mitigation) and local (i. e., fish migration) environmental issues, a portfolio of solutions is needed to address grid integration of renewables.