Nutrient intakes of middle-aged men and women in China, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States in the late 1990s: the INTERMAP study
Nutrient intakes of middle-aged men and women in China, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States in the late 1990s: the INTERMAP study
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.jhh.1001605
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发表时间：
2003-09-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Elliott, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhou, BF;Stamler, J;Elliott, P
这项研究的目的是比较中国、日本、英国和美国INTERMAP样本的营养素摄入量，并评估饮食模式与东亚和西方国家心血管疾病不同模式的可能关系。根据通用规程和操作手册，通过四次标准化的24小时膳食召回和两次24小时尿液采集从17个人群样本中收集了高质量的膳食数据，这些样本来自中国(3个样本)、日本(4个样本)、英国(2个样本)和美国(8个样本)。每个样本约有260名年龄在40-59岁的男性和女性--总计N=4680人。饮食访谈和数据录入的质量通过广泛的、系统的、持续的质量控制程序在地方、国家和国际层面进行监测和提高。明尼苏达大学营养协调中心与国家营养学家合作，更新和加强了关于这四个国家食品营养成分的四个数据库(所有四个国家的76种营养素)。西方人的平均体重指数远高于东亚人。在这些样本中，大量营养素的摄入量存在显著差异，西方饮食中总脂肪、饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸的摄入量较高，而Keys饮食中的脂肪得分较低，总碳水化合物和淀粉较低，糖分较高。根据广泛公布的数据，可以合理地推断，这种模式与西亚人比东亚人更高的血清总胆固醇平均水平和更高的冠心病死亡率有关。中国农村居民膳食中蛋白质含量较低，尤其是动物蛋白，钙、磷、硒和维生素A含量较低。膳食中钠含量较高，钾含量较低，因此亚洲人膳食中的钠钾比较高，尤其是中国人。众所周知，这种模式与不良血压水平和中风的风险有关。在20世纪末，东亚和西方饮食在宏量和微量营养素组成上仍然存在显著差异。这两种饮食模式都可以分别被视为与主要成人心血管疾病相关的有害和保护方面。在亚洲和西方国家，公众的努力应以克服不利因素和维持预防和控制心血管疾病的保护模式为目标。
The purpose of the study was to compare nutrient intakes among Chinese, Japanese, UK, and US INTERMAP samples, and assess possible relationships of dietary patterns to differential patterns of cardiovascular diseases between East Asian and Western countries. Based on a common Protocol and Manuals of Operations, high-quality dietary data were collected by four standardized 24-h dietary recalls and two 24-h urine collections from 17 population samples in China ( three samples), Japan ( four samples), UK ( two samples), and USA ( eight samples). There were about 260 men and women aged 40 - 59 years per sample-total N = 4680. Quality of dietary interview and data entry were monitored and enhanced by extensive systematic ongoing quality control procedures at local, country, and international level. Four databases on nutrient composition of foods from the four countries were updated and enhanced ( 76 nutrients for all four countries) by the Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota, in cooperation with Country Nutritionists. The mean body mass index was much higher for Western than East Asian samples. Macronutrient intakes differed markedly across these samples, with Western diet higher in total fat, saturated and trans fatty acids, and Keys dietary lipid score, lower in total carbohydrate and starch, higher in sugars. Based on extensive published data, it is a reasonable inference that this pattern relates to higher average levels of serum total cholesterol and higher mortality from coronary heart disease in Western than East Asian populations. The rural Chinese diet was lower in protein, especially animal protein, in calcium, phosphorus, selenium, and vitamin A. Dietary sodium was higher, potassium lower, hence Na/K ratio was higher in the Asian diet, especially for Chinese samples. This pattern is known to relate to risks of adverse blood pressure level and stroke. At the end of the 20th century, East Asian and Western diets remain significantly different in macro- and micronutrient composition. Both dietary patterns have aspects that can be regarded, respectively, as adverse and protective in relation to the major adult cardiovascular diseases. In both Asian and Western countries, public efforts should be targeted at overcoming adverse aspects and maintaining protective patterns for prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases.