Illicit Substance Use and the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: A Scoping Review and Characterization of Research Evidence in Unprecedented Times.
Illicit Substance Use and the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: A Scoping Review and Characterization of Research Evidence in Unprecedented Times.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph19148883
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发表时间：
2022-07-21
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Borquez, Annick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vo, Anh Truc;Patton, Thomas;Peacock, Amy;Larney, Sarah;Borquez, Annick
我们进行了一项范围审查，以描述美国前两波COVID-19大流行期间物质使用风险和健康结果的关键个人/结构决定因素变化的主要定量证据。我们系统地查询了LitCovid数据库中仅限美国的研究，没有日期限制（截至2021年8月6日）。我们从涉及以下方面变化的文章中提取了定量数据：(a)非法药物使用频率/背景/行为，(b)非法药物市场动态，(c)获得治疗和减少伤害服务，以及(d)与非法药物使用相关的健康结果/危害。选定的37篇文章中的大多数是在大都市地区进行的，并利用了历史时间序列医疗记录数据。有限的现有证据支持物质使用频率/行为/背景的变化。很少有研究指出芬太尼的增加和海洛因供应的减少。降低药物使用治疗门槛的政策驱动干预措施在局部环境中增加了可及性，但似乎没有显著防止在全国范围内出现更广泛的中断。与药物使用有关的紧急医疗服务报告和致命的过量数据显示，情况正在恶化。在加强对非法药物使用趋势的常规监测的支持下，需要改进研究设计/数据来源，以确定药物使用相关风险的特征，并为突发公共卫生事件期间的有效应对提供信息。
We carried out a scoping review to characterize the primary quantitative evidence addressing changes in key individual/structural determinants of substance use risks and health outcomes over the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (US). We systematically queried the LitCovid database for US-only studies without date restrictions (up to 6 August 2021). We extracted quantitative data from articles addressing changes in: (a) illicit substance use frequency/contexts/behaviors, (b) illicit drug market dynamics, (c) access to treatment and harm reduction services, and (d) illicit substance use-related health outcomes/harms. The majority of 37 selected articles were conducted within metropolitan locations and leveraged historical timeseries medical records data. Limited available evidence supported changes in frequency/behaviors/contexts of substance use. Few studies point to increases in fentanyl and reductions in heroin availability. Policy-driven interventions to lower drug use treatment thresholds conferred increased access within localized settings but did not seem to significantly prevent broader disruptions nationwide. Substance use-related emergency medical services’ presentations and fatal overdose data showed a worsening situation. Improved study designs/data sources, backed by enhanced routine monitoring of illicit substance use trends, are needed to characterize substance use-related risks and inform effective responses during public health emergencies.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103199
发表时间：
2021-08
期刊：
The International journal on drug policy
影响因子：
--
作者：
French R;Favaro J;Aronowitz SV
通讯作者：
Aronowitz SV
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Brothers, Sarah;Viera, Adam;Heimer, Robert
通讯作者：
Heimer, Robert
DOI：
10.1186/s13011-021-00395-6
发表时间：
2021-08-09
期刊：
Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy
影响因子：
--
作者：
Alexander K;Pogorzelska-Maziarz M;Gerolamo A;Hassen N;Kelly EL;Rising KL
通讯作者：
Rising KL
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Janulis P;Newcomb ME;Mustanski B
通讯作者：
Mustanski B
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Caton L;Cheng H;Garneau HC;Fisher T;Harris-Mills B;Hurley B;Newman S;McGovern MP
通讯作者：
McGovern MP