Recolonizing carnivores and naive prey: Conservation lessons from Pleistocene extinctions
Recolonizing carnivores and naive prey: Conservation lessons from Pleistocene extinctions
复制标题
DOI：
10.1126/science.1056466
复制
发表时间：
2001-02-09
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Persson, IL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berger, J;Swenson, JE;Persson, IL
目前地球上许多大型陆生食肉动物的灭绝使一些现存的猎物物种对当代掠食者缺乏了解，这种情况大致类似于1万至5万年前，当时天真的动物首次遇到殖民人类猎人。沿着当今的食肉动物同化前沿，在斯堪的纳维亚，棕熊（也称为灰熊）以不成比例的高比率杀死了捕食者幼稚的成年驼鹿，而在北美黄石地区，由于狼群同化而失去幼崽的驼鹿母亲对狼的嚎叫产生了超敏反应。虽然猎物已经不熟悉危险的捕食者只有50至130年，是非常容易受到最初的遭遇，行为调整，以减少捕食发生在一个单一的一代。事实上，至少有一个猎物物种很快学会了警惕恢复食肉动物应该否定对局部猎物灭绝的恐惧。
The current extinction of many of Earth's Large terrestrial carnivores has Left some extant prey species Lacking knowledge about contemporary predators, a situation roughly parallel to that 10,000 to 50,000 years ago, when naive animals first encountered colonizing human hunters. Along present-day carnivore recolonization fronts, brown (also called grizzly) bears killed predator-naive adult moose at disproportionately high rates in Scandinavia, and moose mothers who Lost juveniles to recolonizing wolves in North America's Yellowstone region developed hypersensitivity to wolf howls. Although prey that had been unfamiliar with dangerous predators for as few as 50 to 130 years were highly vulnerable to initial encounters, behavioral adjustments to reduce predation transpired within a single generation. The fact that at Least one prey species quickly Learns to be wary of restored carnivores should negate fears about Localized prey extinction.