Transport and social exclusion: Where are we now?
Transport and social exclusion: Where are we now?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tranpol.2012.01.013
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Lucas, Karen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lucas, Karen
20世纪90年代末和21世纪初，英国学者和政策制定者对交通劣势问题越来越感兴趣，更创新的是，这可能与人们对低收入群体和社区的社会排斥日益增长的担忧有关。研究（主要是在联合王国）开始更加明确贫困、交通不便、获得关键服务以及经济和社会排斥之间的联系（例如，见Church和Frost，2000年; TRaC，2000年; Lucas等人，2001; Kenyon 2003; Kenyon等人，二○ ○三年;霍奇森和特纳，2003年;到2003年，联合王国社会排斥小组就这一问题发表了一份现已得到国际认可的报告，随后为英格兰地方当局制定了一套交通政策指南，以提供现在通常所称的无障碍规划，作为其地方交通计划的一部分（交通部，2006年）。从那时起，其他几个国家的研究人员、政策制定者和从业人员开始对采用社会排斥方法进行交通规划感兴趣，主要是因为这种方法有助于确定交通、土地使用规划和服务提供决策在造成和加剧贫困和社会劣势方面的作用。我们可以开始反思，在多大程度上，从社会排斥的角度研究交通不便问题，成功地开辟了新的研究途径和/或确定了新的理论视角和/或方法。本文首先简要回顾了支持和通报社会排斥观点的基本理论和核心定义。然后，它考虑了这些是如何被翻译和理解的运输方面。其次，它认为一些新兴的实证研究，运输相关的排斥，试图衡量和模型之间的相互作用，运输和流动的不平等和相关的负面社会后果。第三，报告对一些关键政策和实践领域的进展提出了意见，特别提到了联合王国和澳大利亚。报告最后建议如何在这一问题上取得进一步进展，并考虑社会排斥议程是否仍然是实现这一目标的相关办法。(C)2012爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
The late 1990s and early 2000s witnessed a growing interest amongst UK academics and policy makers in the issue of transport disadvantage and, more innovatively, how this might relate to growing concerns about the social exclusion of low income groups and communities. Studies (predominantly in the United Kingdom) began to make more explicit the links policy between poverty, transport disadvantage, access to key services and economic and social exclusion (see for example Church and Frost, 2000; TRaC, 2000; Lucas et al., 2001; Kenyon 2003; Kenyon et al., 2003; Hodgson and Turner, 2003; Raje, 2003).By 2003, the UK Social Exclusion Unit had published and its now internationally recognised report on this subject, which subsequently resulted in the development of a set of transport policy guidances to local authorities in England to deliver what is now commonly referred to as accessibility planning as part of their Local Transport Plans (Department for Transport, 2006). Since this time, researchers, policy makers and practitioners in several other countries became interested in adopting a social exclusion approach to transport planning, largely because of its utility in identifying the role of transport, land use planning and service delivery decisions in creating and reinforcing poverty and social disadvantage.Eight years on from the SEU report, we can begin to reflect on the extent to which a social exclusion approach to the research of transport disadvantage has been successful in opening up new avenues of research enquiry and/or identifying new theoretical perspectives and/or methodological approaches. The paper begins by briefly revisiting the basic theories and core definitions which underpin and inform a social exclusion perspective. It then considers how these have been translated and understood in terms of transport. Secondly, it considers some of the emergent empirical research of transport-related exclusion that has attempted to measure and model the interactions between transport and mobility inequalities and relational negative social outcomes. Thirdly, it offers observations on progress in some key areas of policy and practice, with specific reference to the UK and Australia. It concludes by suggesting how further progress might be made on this issue and considers whether the social exclusion agenda is still a relevant approach for achieving this. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.