Phylogenetic relationships among the clownfish-hosting sea anemones
Phylogenetic relationships among the clownfish-hosting sea anemones
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106526
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Rodriguez, Estefania
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Titus, Benjamin M.;Benedict, Charlotte;Rodriguez, Estefania
小丑鱼与海葵的共生关系一直是理解基本进化和生态过程的模型系统。然而，我们对这种共生关系的进化理解完全来自对小丑鱼的研究。对互利共生模式的整体理解需要对合作双方有系统的、生物地理学和系统发育的洞察。在这里，我们对海葵（海葵目）进行了迄今为止最大规模的系统发育分析，重点是扩大 10 种名义上小丑鱼寄主物种的生物地理和分类学采样。我们使用 mtDNA 和 nuDNA 位点的组合来测试（1）每个小丑鱼宿主科和属的单系性，（2）当前的海葵分类学表明与小丑鱼的共生在海葵内多次进化，以及（3）是否像小丑鱼一样，有证据表明宿主海葵具有珊瑚三角生物地理起源。我们的系统发育重建表明，在科和属水平上存在广泛的多系和副系，特别是在Stichodactylidae科和Stichodactyla属内，并表明与小丑鱼的共生在海葵中至少进化了三次。我们进一步找到了一些进化枝的特提斯生物地理起源的证据。我们的数据提供了第一个证据，证明小丑鱼和一些海葵宿主具有不同的生物地理起源，并且可能存在隐藏的宿主海葵物种。最后，我们的发现反映了对小丑鱼寄主海葵进行重大分类学修订的必要性。
The clownfish-sea anemone symbiosis has been a model system for understanding fundamental evolutionary and ecological processes. However, our evolutionary understanding of this symbiosis comes entirely from studies of clownfishes. A holistic understanding of a model mutualism requires systematic, biogeographic, and phylogenetic insight into both partners. Here, we conduct the largest phylogenetic analysis of sea anemones (Order Actiniaria) to date, with a focus on expanding the biogeographic and taxonomic sampling of the 10 nominal clownfish-hosting species. Using a combination of mtDNA and nuDNA loci we test (1) the monophyly of each clownfish-hosting family and genus, (2) the current anemone taxonomy that suggests symbioses with clownfishes evolved multiple times within Actiniaria, and (3) whether, like the clownfishes, there is evidence that host anemones have a Coral Triangle biogeographic origin. Our phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrates widespread poly- and para-phyly at the family and genus level, particularly within the family Stichodactylidae and genus Stichodactyla, and suggests that symbioses with clownfishes evolved minimally three times within sea anemones. We further recover evidence for a Tethyan biogeographic origin for some clades. Our data provide the first evidence that clownfish and some sea anemone hosts have different biogeographic origins, and that there may be cryptic species of host anemones. Finally, our findings reflect the need for a major taxonomic revision of the clownfish-hosting sea anemones.