Racial/Ethnic Matching of Clients and Therapists in Mental Health Services: A Meta-Analytic Review of Preferences, Perceptions, and Outcomes
Racial/Ethnic Matching of Clients and Therapists in Mental Health Services: A Meta-Analytic Review of Preferences, Perceptions, and Outcomes
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DOI：
10.1037/a0025266
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Smith, Timothy B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cabral, Raquel R.;Smith, Timothy B.
几十年来，使用各种方法探索了将客户与相同种族/民族的治疗师配对的效果。我们对种族/民族匹配研究中经常使用的三个变量进行了荟萃分析：个人对自己种族/民族的治疗师的偏好，客户对不同种族/民族匹配的治疗师的看法，以及不同种族/民族匹配的治疗结果。在52项关于偏好的研究中，平均效应大小(科恩的d)为0.63，表明对自己种族/民族的治疗师有中等程度的偏好。在81项关于个人对治疗师的看法的研究中，平均效果大小为0.32，这表明人们对自己种族/民族的治疗师的看法比其他治疗师更积极。在对心理健康治疗中客户结果的53项研究中，平均效应大小为0.09，表明客户与治疗师的种族/民族匹配对治疗结果几乎没有好处。这3种平均效应大小具有显著的异质性：种族/民族匹配的影响是高度不同的。涉及非裔美国人参与者的研究表明，在所有三种类型的评估中，效果大小最高：偏好、感知和结果。
Across several decades the effects of matching clients with therapists of the same race/ethnicity have been explored using a variety of approaches. We conducted a meta-analysis of 3 variables frequently used in research on racial/ethnic matching: individuals' preferences for a therapist of their own race/ethnicity, clients' perceptions of therapists across racial/ethnic match, and therapeutic outcomes across racial/ethnic match. Across 52 studies of preferences, the average effect size (Cohen's d) was 0.63, indicating a moderately strong preference for a therapist of one's own race/ethnicity. Across 81 studies of individuals' perceptions of therapists, the average effect size was 0.32, indicating a tendency to perceive therapists of one's own race/ethnicity somewhat more positively than other therapists. Across 53 studies of client outcomes in mental health treatment, the average effect size was 0.09, indicating almost no benefit to treatment outcomes from racial/ethnic matching of clients with therapists. These 3 averaged effect sizes were characterized by substantial heterogeneity: The effects of racial/ethnic matching are highly variable. Studies involving African American participants demonstrated the highest effect sizes across all 3 types of evaluations: preferences, perceptions, and outcomes.