Optimality theory, Gompertz' law, and the disposable soma theory of senescence
Optimality theory, Gompertz' law, and the disposable soma theory of senescence
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04433.x
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发表时间：
1995-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Ludwig, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abrams, PA;Ludwig, D
衰老进化的“一次性体细胞”理论表明，衰老源于生殖和体细胞修复之间资源的最佳平衡。动态规划模型的构建和分析，以确定最佳的关系之间的繁殖，资源从修复，并增加衰老死亡率。特别令人感兴趣的是修复-再生产权衡与预测的死亡率-年龄曲线形式之间的关系。最详细分析的模型假设生殖和增加的衰老死亡率之间的关系不随年龄而变化。这些数据表明，死亡率应随着年龄的增长而增加，但随着死亡率变得非常高，死亡率可能接近线性。一般结果得出的形状的死亡率曲线的早期和晚期的衰老部分的寿命，和死亡率曲线的特定的权衡功能的说明。死亡率随年龄呈指数增长（Gompertz定律），这只是生殖和衰老之间可能存在的关系之一。如果可抛弃的索马理论解释了观察到的随年龄增长的衰老死亡率增加的很大一部分，那么这个“定律”就不太可能普遍成立。然而，对Gompertz定律的普遍性的支持是微弱的，其他理论也没有对该定律做出进化的解释。可抛弃的索马理论与已经观察到的Gompertz定律的一些例外是一致的。
The ''disposable soma'' theory for the evolution of senescence suggests that senescence arises from an optimal balancing of resources between reproduction and somatic repair. Dynamic programming models are constructed and analyzed to determine the optimal relationship between reproduction, diversion of resources from repair, and added senescent mortality. Of particular interest is the relationship between the repair-reproduction trade-off and the form of the mortality-rate-versus-age curve predicted. The models analyzed in the greatest detail assume that the relationship between reproduction and added senescent mortality does not change with age. These suggest that mortality should increase at an increasing rate with age, but may approach a linear rate as mortality becomes very high. General results are derived for the shape of the mortality curves early and late in the senescing part of the life span, and mortality curves for specific trade-off functions are illustrated. An exponential increase in death rate with age (Gompertz' Law) corresponds to only one of many possible relationships between reproduction and aging. The ''Law'' is unlikely to hold generally if the disposable soma theory accounts for a large fraction of the observed senescent increase in mortality with age. However, support for the generality of Gompertz' Law is weak, and other theories have not produced an evolutionary explanation for the law. The disposable soma theory is consistent with some of the exceptions to Gompertz' Law that have been observed.