The growing female advantage in college completion: The role of family background and academic achievement
The growing female advantage in college completion: The role of family background and academic achievement
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DOI：
10.1177/000312240607100401
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发表时间：
2006-08-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
DiPrete, Thomas A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buchmann, Claudia;DiPrete, Thomas A.
在短短几十年间，大学毕业率的性别差距已经从男性占优转变为女性占优。这项研究首次广泛评估了女性在大学毕业方面优势不断扩大的原因，考虑了家庭资源的影响，以及学业成绩和完成大学学业途径方面的性别差异对不断扩大的性别差距的影响。对综合社会调查数据的分析表明，大学毕业率方面有利于女性的趋势因原生家庭状况不同而不均衡地出现，在父亲受教育程度低或父亲缺失的家庭中，儿子处于不利地位。对全国教育纵向调查（NELS）数据的进一步分析表明，女性优异的学业成绩在造成大学毕业率的性别差距方面起着重要作用，但这种影响在进入大学过渡之后才显现出来。对于出生于20世纪70年代中期的NELS群体来说，在父亲受教育程度低或父亲缺失的家庭中，女性在大学毕业方面的优势仍然最大，但目前这种优势已扩展到所有家庭类型。结合女性获得高等教育的动机不断增强，与家庭背景和学业成绩相关的资源方面的性别差异在很大程度上解释了女性在大学毕业方面优势不断扩大的原因。
In a few short decades, the gender gap in college completion has reversed from favoring men to favoring women. This study, which is the first to assess broadly the causes of the growing female advantage in college completion, considers the impact of family resources as well as gender differences in academic performance and in the pathways to college completion on the rising gender gap. Analyses of General Social Survey data indicate that the female-favorable trend in college completion emerged unevenly by family status of origin to the disadvantage of sons in families with a low-educated or absent father. Additional analyses of National Educational Longitudinal Survey (NELS) data indicate that women superior academic performance plays a large role in producing the gender gap in college completion, but that this effect remains latent until after the transition to college. For NELS cohorts, who were born in the mid-1970s, the female advantage in college completion remains largest infamilies with a low-educated or absent father but currently extends to all family types. In conjunction with women growing incentives to attain higher education, gender differences in resources related to family background and academic performance largely explain the growing female advantage in college completion.