Physical characteristics of the chest and lungs and the work of breathing in different mammalian species
Physical characteristics of the chest and lungs and the work of breathing in different mammalian species
复制标题
不同哺乳动物物种的胸部和肺部的物理特征以及呼吸功
DOI：
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发表时间：
1961
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Widdicombe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Crosfill;J. Widdicombe
不同哺乳动物物种呼吸模式最明显的区别是小动物比大动物呼吸快。虽然这可能与小动物的代谢率更高有关（就体型而言），但这只能解释部分原因;因为老鼠的正常呼吸率比人能维持的任何时间都要高。虽然决定肺泡通气率的因素已受到相当大的关注，但控制呼吸频率和深度的机制尚不清楚。奥蒂斯、芬恩和拉恩（1950）已经表明，对于任何给定的肺泡通气率，都存在最佳的呼吸频率，如果采用大于或小于该频率的频率（相应地调整潮气量以保持相同的肺泡通气），则移动肺的功更大。Christie（1953）已经表明，在几种生理和病理条件下采用“最佳速率”，并且Mcllroy、马歇尔和Christie（1954）已经提出肺牵张受体（介导Hering-Breuer充气反射）是负责的。另一方面，米德（1960）提出了豚鼠和人类的研究结果，表明呼吸频率和深度是经过调整的，以保持呼吸肌的平均力最小，而不是肺所做的功。无论这种观点是正确的，关于控制呼吸频率和深度的信息需要扩展，控制机制需要研究。我们已经评估了一些不同种类的实验哺乳动物的肺的机械性能，看看这些值是否与呼吸模式的种间差异一致。除了将结果应用于最佳速率假设之外，这些结果是值得记录的常用实验动物的值。
The most obvious difference in the patterns of breathing in different mammalian species is that small animals breathe faster than large ones. While this may be related to the greater metabolic rate of small animals (in terms of body size) this can be only part of the explanation; for the normal breathing rate of a mouse is greater than a man can maintain for any period of time. Although the factors determining alveolar ventilation rate have received considerable attention, the mechanisms which control the frequency and depth of breathing are less clear. Otis, Fenn & Rahn (1950) have shown that for any given alveolar ventilation rate there is an optimal frequency of breathing, and that if a frequency greater or less than this is adopted (with corresponding adjustments of the tidal volume to maintain the same alveolar ventilation) the work of moving the lungs is greater. Christie (1953) has shown that the 'optimal rate' is adopted in several physiological and pathological conditions, and Mcllroy, Marshall & Christie (1954) have suggested that the pulmonary stretch receptors (mediating the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex) are responsible. Mead (1960), on the other hand, has presented results for guinea-pigs and human beings indicating that breathing rate and depth are adjusted to keep the average force of the respiratory muscles minimal, rather than the work performed on the lungs. Whichever view is correct, information on the control of respiratory rate and depth needs to be extended, and the controlling mechanisms worked out. We have assessed the mechanical properties of the lungs in a number of different species of experimental mammals to see if the values are consistent with the interspecific differences in breathing pattern. Apart from applying the results to the optimal rate hypothesis, the results are values for commonly used experimental animals which may be worth recording.