Respiratory and Dermal Exposure to Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Tetrabromobisphenol A at Five Work Environments
Respiratory and Dermal Exposure to Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Tetrabromobisphenol A at Five Work Environments
复制标题
DOI：
10.1021/es802593t
复制
发表时间：
2009-02-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Korpi, Anne M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Makinen, Maija S. E.;Makinen, Milja R. A.;Korpi, Anne M.
有机磷化合物 (OP) 和四溴双酚 A (TBBPA) 广泛用作塑料、纺织品、橡胶和建筑材料中的阻燃剂 (FR)。通过 GC/MS 对从家具车间、电路板工厂、两个电子拆解设施、计算机教室以及办公室和社会场所收集的空气样本中的八种有机磷和四溴双酚 A 进行了定量。此外，在一些工作场所还使用贴剂和洗手液样本评估了皮肤暴露情况。磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯和磷酸三(2-氯异丙基)酯是工作场所的典型污染物，而四溴双酚A、磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸三正丁酯和磷酸三(2-乙基己基)酯则具有一定的场所特异性。空气样本中总FRs的最高几何平均值是在电子产品拆解设施的个人样本中测得的（2.9和3.8μg/m（3）），而来自其他环境的固定样本结果在90和720ng/m（3）之间。在进行比较的四分之三的工作场所中，固定抽样低估了个人暴露情况。在这些职业环境中首次显示了皮肤暴露。贴片样品中总FR水平的几何平均值在1.5至24ng/cm(2)之间，而洗手液样品中的总FR水平在3.5至34μg/两只手之间。测量的 FR 水平对健康的影响仍然未知。
Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) are widely utilized as flame retardants (FRs) in plastics, textiles, rubbers, and building materials. Eight OPs and TBBPA were quantified by GC/MS from air samples collected from a furniture workshop, a circuit board factory, two electronics dismantling facilities, a computer classroom, and offices and social premises. In addition, dermal exposure was assessed with patch and hand wash samples at some workplaces. Triphenyl phosphate, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate were typical contaminants of the workplaces, whereas TBBPA, tricresyl phosphate, tri-n-butyl phosphate, and tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate were rather site-specific. The highest geometric mean of totalFRs in the air samples was measured in personal samples at the electronics dismantling facilities (2.9 and 3.8 mu g/m(3)), whereas the stationary sample results from the other environments ranged between 90 and 720 ng/m(3). Stationary samplings underestimated the personal exposure at three out of four work places where comparisons were made. Dermal exposure was shown for the first time at these occupational settings. The geometric mean of totalFR levels in patch samples ranged between 1.5 and 24 ng/cm(2) and in hand wash samples between 3.5 and 34 mu g/two hands. The health effects of the measured FR levels remain unknown.