Polygenic risk scores in the clinic: new perspectives needed on familiar ethical issues.

Polygenic risk scores in the clinic: new perspectives needed on familiar ethical issues.
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DOI:
10.1186/s13073-021-00829-7
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发表时间:
2021-01-28
期刊:
影响因子:
12.3
通讯作者:
Green RC
Green RC
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lewis ACF;Green RC

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临床使用的多基因风险评分(PRS)将看起来非常不同于更熟悉的单基因检测。在这里,我们认为,尽管存在这些差异,但在单基因环境中提出的大多数伦理、法律和社会问题(ELSI),如结果与家庭成员的相关性,次要和偶然发现的方法,以及专家中介的作用,在多基因环境中仍然相关,尽管形式有所改变。此外,PRS还将重新激起其他旧的争论。在临床医学实践和公共卫生实践中都提出了它们的使用,这是两个具有不同规范的背景。在这些领域中,目前尚不清楚PRS的临床应用应该瞄准哪些终点,以及在哪些限制下。减少健康差异是公共卫生的关键价值,但由于不同祖先群体的预测能力不同,临床使用PRS可能会加剧基于种族的健康差异。最后,PRS将迫使人们对有关生物标志物的预先存在的问题进行清算,即自我报告的种族、民族和祖先的相关性,以及风险因素与疾病诊断的关系。在本意见中,我们认为,尽管与单基因环境相似,但迫切需要开展新的工作来收集数据,考虑规范影响,并围绕这一新兴的基因组学分支制定最佳实践。
Clinical use of polygenic risk scores (PRS) will look very different to the more familiar monogenic testing. Here we argue that despite these differences, most of the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) raised in the monogenic setting, such as the relevance of results to family members, the approach to secondary and incidental findings, and the role of expert mediators, continue to be relevant in the polygenic context, albeit in modified form. In addition, PRS will reanimate other old debates. Their use has been proposed both in the practice of clinical medicine and of public health, two contexts with differing norms. In each of these domains, it is unclear what endpoints clinical use of PRS should aim to maximize and under what constraints. Reducing health disparities is a key value for public health, but clinical use of PRS could exacerbate race-based health disparities owing to differences in predictive power across ancestry groups. Finally, PRS will force a reckoning with pre-existing questions concerning biomarkers, namely the relevance of self-reported race, ethnicity and ancestry, and the relationship of risk factors to disease diagnoses. In this Opinion, we argue that despite the parallels to the monogenic setting, new work is urgently needed to gather data, consider normative implications, and develop best practices around this emerging branch of genomics.
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