A farewell to urban/rural bias: peripheral finance capitalism in Mexico
A farewell to urban/rural bias: peripheral finance capitalism in Mexico
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告别城乡偏见：墨西哥的外围金融资本主义
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发表时间：
2019
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通讯作者：
N. Reis
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作者：
N. Reis
本文在讨论墨西哥经济结构转型的基础上，考察了金融化对农业在资本主义发展中的作用的影响。本文认为，边缘金融化经济是一种城乡一体化经济。一方面，农业和工业被分为不断增长的出口部门和停滞的地方经济，资本主义农业和工业之间没有功能性的“发展”联系。另一方面，经济结构导致了大量城乡“劳动阶级”的合并。资本主义的农业和工业通过廉价劳动力联系在一起，并依赖廉价劳动力维持出口经济。我认为，目前的经济形态是不是由于“城市偏见”，“农村偏见”或任何经济部门之间的资源配置不当。相反，它可以用“金融偏见”来解释：债务关系成为经济活动的主要推动力。边缘金融资本主义的一个主要矛盾来自于通过债务为廉价劳动力融资。当（私人和公共）债务水平不断上升、国内经济停滞不前和工资低于最低生活水平之间的矛盾变得过大时，这可能导致新的金融危机。
Based on a discussion of the structural transformation of the Mexican economy, this paper investigates the impact of financialization on agriculture’s role in capitalist development. It argues that the peripheral financialized economy is a rural–urban economy. On the one hand, agriculture and industry are bifurcated into a growing export sector and a stagnating local economy, and there are no functional ‘developmental’ links between capitalist agriculture and industry. On the other hand, the economic structures have resulted in the consolidation of a huge mass of rural–urban ‘classes of labour’. Capitalist agriculture and industry are linked through and dependent on cheap labour sustaining the export economy. I argue that the current economic formation is not due to ‘urban bias’, ‘rural bias’ or any misallocation of resources among economic sectors. Rather, it can be explained in relation to ‘finance bias’: the taking over of debt relations as the key driving force of economic activities. A major contradiction in peripheral finance capitalism arises from the financing of cheap labour through debt. This is likely to result in new financial crisis, when the contradictions between increasing levels of (private and public) debt, a stagnating domestic economy, and below-subsistence level wages become too large.