Lateral bedrock erosion and valley formation in a heterogeneously layered landscape, Northeast Kansas

Lateral bedrock erosion and valley formation in a heterogeneously layered landscape, Northeast Kansas
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堪萨斯州东北部异质层状景观中的侧向基岩侵蚀和山谷形成

DOI:
10.1002/esp.5172
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Langston, Abigail L.
Langston, Abigail L.
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Marcotte, Abbey L.;Neudorf, Christina M.;Langston, Abigail L.

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在这项研究中,我们提出了直接的现场测量现代横向和垂直基岩侵蚀在为期2年的研究期间,光释光(OSL)年龄的河流物质覆盖在位于美国堪萨斯东北部的国王溪平坦的基岩表面。这些数据提供了深入了解基岩侵蚀和山谷加宽的速率和机制在一个不均匀的层状石灰岩页岩景观。在我们为期2年的研究期间,侧向基岩侵蚀超过了垂直切割。现代侵蚀率,在石灰石和页岩基岩侵蚀针测量显示,页岩侵蚀率是一个功能的润湿和干燥周期,而石灰石侵蚀率是由放电和裂缝间距控制。现场之间的裂缝间距的可变性控制石灰岩块塌陷到流中的大小,这要么允许石灰岩块快速分离和运输后继续横向侵蚀,要么由于石灰岩块保护谷壁免受进一步侵蚀而抑制横向侵蚀。来自斯特拉特阶地的河流物质的OSL年龄比我们研究地点以前的任何材料都要古老,表明国王溪在整个晚更新世期间都在积极加积和切割。将现场测量和观测与河流阶地的年龄相结合,可以有助于调查基岩河流如何随着时间的推移横向侵蚀形成宽基岩山谷的时间和过程。
In this study, we present direct field measurements of modern lateral and vertical bedrock erosion during a 2‐year study period, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of fluvial material capping a flat bedrock surface at Kings Creek located in northeast Kansas, USA. These data provide insight into rates and mechanisms of bedrock erosion and valley‐widening in a heterogeneously layered limestone‐shale landscape. Lateral bedrock erosion outpaced vertical incision during our 2‐year study period. Modern erosion rates, measured at erosion pins in limestone and shale bedrock reveal that shale erosion rate is a function of wetting and drying cycles, while limestone erosion rate is controlled by discharge and fracture spacing. Variability in fracture spacing amongst field sites controls the size of limestone block collapse into the stream, which either allowed continued lateral erosion following rapid detachment and transport of limestone blocks, or inhibited lateral erosion due to limestone blocks that protected the valley wall from further erosion. The OSL ages of fluvial material sourced from the strath terrace were older than any material previously dated at our study site and indicate that Kings Creek was actively aggrading and incising throughout the late Pleistocene. Coupling field measurements and observations with ages of fluvial terraces can be useful to investigate the timing and processes linked to how bedrock rivers erode laterally over time to form wide bedrock valleys.
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