Primordial black holes as dark matter
Primordial black holes as dark matter
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作为暗物质的原始黑洞
DOI：
10.1103/physrevd.94.083504
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发表时间：
2016-10-04
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Sandstad, Marit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carr, Bernard;Kuhnel, Florian;Sandstad, Marit
考虑了暗物质包含原始黑洞（PBHs）的可能性，特别强调了目前允许的质量窗口在10(16)-10(17)g, 10(20)-10(24) g和1-10(3)M（圆点）。还考虑了较小蒸发PBHs的普朗克质量遗迹。所有相关的约束（透镜、动力学、大尺度结构和吸积）都进行了回顾，并考虑了精确计算PBH丰度所需的各种效应（非高斯性、非球性、临界坍缩和合并）。如果它们的质量函数是单色的，那么很难把所有的暗物质都放在pbh中，但如果质量函数被扩展，这仍然是可能的，正如在许多情况下所期望的那样。因此，介绍了一种新的程序，用于与扩展的PBH质谱对抗观测约束。这适用于任意约束条件和大范围的PBH地层模型，并允许我们确定哪些模型无关的结论可以从所有质量范围的约束条件中得出。我们特别关注了膨胀产生的PBH，指出了地层过程中的哪些影响会影响从膨胀功率谱到PBH质量函数的映射。然后，我们将我们的方案应用于两个特定的暴胀模型，其中pbh提供暗物质。鉴于LIGO最近探测到的黑洞合并，暗物质处于1-10(3)M（圆点）的中等质量pbh的可能性特别令人感兴趣。普朗克遗迹的可能性也很有趣，但实际上无法检验。
The possibility that the dark matter comprises primordial black holes (PBHs) is considered, with particular emphasis on the currently allowed mass windows at 10(16)-10(17) g, 10(20)-10(24) g and 1-10(3)M(circle dot) The Planck mass relics of smaller evaporating PBHs are also considered. All relevant constraints (lensing, dynamical, large-scale structure and accretion) are reviewed and various effects necessary for a precise calculation of the PBH abundance (non-Gaussianity, nonsphericity, critical collapse and merging) are accounted for. It is difficult to put all the dark matter in PBHs if their mass function is monochromatic but this is still possible if the mass function is extended, as expected in many scenarios. A novel procedure for confronting observational constraints with an extended PBH mass spectrum is therefore introduced. This applies for arbitrary constraints and a wide range of PBH formation models and allows us to identify which model-independent conclusions can be drawn from constraints over all mass ranges. We focus particularly on PBHs generated by inflation, pointing out which effects in the formation process influence the mapping from the inflationary power spectrum to the PBH mass function. We then apply our scheme to two specific inflationary models in which PBHs provide the dark matter. The possibility that the dark matter is in intermediate-mass PBHs of 1-10(3)M(circle dot) is of special interest in view of the recent detection of black-hole mergers by LIGO. The possibility of Planck relics is also intriguing but virtually untestable.