Benthic fluxes of oxygen and heat from a seasonally hypoxic region of Saanich Inlet fjord observed by eddy covariance
Benthic fluxes of oxygen and heat from a seasonally hypoxic region of Saanich Inlet fjord observed by eddy covariance
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通过涡度协方差观察萨尼奇湾季节性缺氧区域的底栖氧气和热量通量
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106815
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Noel, Rick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reimers, Clare E.;Sanders, Rhea D.;Dewey, Richard;Noel, Rick
峡湾内的底栖生境基本上与开阔海岸线的高能物理动力隔绝。因此，峡湾在海底可能具有非典型的质量和热量传递速率。本研究介绍了从2013年5月下旬至2013年12月在不列颠哥伦比亚省萨尼奇湾峡湾连续进行的水生涡动相关（EC）测量，以评估溶解氧和热量的区域平均底栖通量及其与底部边界层动力学和水特性的关系。测量是通过将一个水下EC传感器系统与加拿大海洋网络的维多利亚海底实验网络（VENUS）观测站连接实现的，该观测站有一个主要海底节点，位于萨尼奇湾东海岸外帕特里夏湾100米等深线附近。据观察，流速和湍流（特征是湍流动能和耗散率估计）一般较低，在缺氧加剧的秋季动态最弱。EC通量，代表湍流涡流运输与海底源/汇的平衡推导出通过条件标准，排除测量时发生的底部边界层不充分湍流或当观察到底层水的性质的瞬态变化。在萨尼希湾观测的7个月期间，可接受的氧通量（−1.6 ± 1.2 mmol m−2d−1）和热通量（0.27 ± 0.57 W m−2）仅显示出适度的变化。这些通量的更广泛的影响是：1）海底氧吸收率太有限，无法推动现场上覆的季节性缺氧区的年度扩张和强化，2）夏季传递到海底的热量在一年中的其他时间只能缓慢地消散回水柱。
Benthic habitats within fjords are predominantly insulated from the high energy physical dynamics of open coastlines. As a result, fjords may have atypical mass and heat transfer rates at the seafloor. This study presents aquatic eddy covariance (EC) measurements made continuously from late May 2013 through December 2013, in Saanich Inlet fjord, British Columbia, to assess areal-averaged benthic fluxes of dissolved oxygen and heat, and their relationships to bottom boundary layer dynamics and water properties. The measurements were achieved by the connection of a system of underwater EC sensors to Ocean Network Canada's Victoria Experimental Network Under the Sea (VENUS) observatory that has a primary seafloor node located near the 100-m isobath in Patricia Bay off the eastern shore of Saanich Inlet. Current velocities and turbulence (characterized by turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate estimates) were observed to be generally low with the weakest dynamics in autumn during periods of heightened hypoxia. EC fluxes that represented turbulent eddy transport in balance with the seafloor source/sink were derived through conditional criteria that excluded measurements occurring when the bottom boundary layer was not sufficiently turbulent or when transient shifts in bottom water properties were observed. The accepted fluxes of oxygen (−1.6 ± 1.2 mmol m−2d−1) and heat (0.27 ± 0.57 W m−2) showed only modest variations within the observed 7-month period in Saanich Inlet. Broader implications of these fluxes are that: 1) seafloor oxygen uptake rates are too limited to drive annual expansions and intensification of the site's overlying seasonal hypoxic zone, and 2) heat transferred to the seabed in summer is only slowly dissipated back to the water column during other times of the year.
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