A disordered rock salt anode for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries
A disordered rock salt anode for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-020-2637-6
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发表时间：
2020-09-03
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Liu, Ping
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Haodong;Zhu, Zhuoying;Liu, Ping
一种基于钒的无序锂盐氧化物作为锂离子电池的低电位负极，具有快速的嵌入动力学。具有高能量密度的高能量密度的可充电锂离子电池在电气化运输和其他应用中是可取的(1-3)。然而，电流阳极的次优嵌入电位导致了能量密度、功率和安全性之间的权衡。本文报道了无序岩盐(4，5)Li(3+x)V(2)O(5)可以作为快速充电的负极，与Li/Li(+)参比电极相比，可以在大约0.6伏的平均电压下对两个锂离子进行可逆循环。与石墨(6，7)相比，更高的电位降低了锂金属电镀的可能性，如果使用适当的充电控制，缓解了一个主要的安全问题(与Li树枝晶生长相关的短路)。此外，具有无序岩盐Li(3)V(2)O(5)负极的锂离子电池产生的电池电压比使用商业快速充电的钛酸锂负极或其他插层负极(Li(3)VO(4)和LiV0.5Ti0.5S2)(8，9)的电池高得多。此外，无序岩盐Li(3)V(2)O(5)可以进行超过1,000次充放电循环，容量衰减可以忽略不计，并具有出色的倍率能力，在20秒内提供超过40%的容量。我们将无序岩盐Li(3)V(2)O(5)的低电压和高倍率能力归因于从头计算揭示的具有低能垒的再分配锂插层机制。这种低电位、高速率的插层反应可用于识别用于快速充电、长寿命锂离子电池的其他金属氧化物阳极。
A vanadium-based lithium-rich disordered rock salt oxide is shown to work as a low-potential anode with rapid intercalation kinetics for lithium-ion batteries.Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries with high energy density that can be safely charged and discharged at high rates are desirable for electrified transportation and other applications(1-3). However, the sub-optimal intercalation potentials of current anodes result in a trade-off between energy density, power and safety. Here we report that disordered rock salt(4,5)Li(3+x)V(2)O(5)can be used as a fast-charging anode that can reversibly cycle two lithium ions at an average voltage of about 0.6 volts versus a Li/Li(+)reference electrode. The increased potential compared to graphite(6,7)reduces the likelihood of lithium metal plating if proper charging controls are used, alleviating a major safety concern (short-circuiting related to Li dendrite growth). In addition, a lithium-ion battery with a disordered rock salt Li(3)V(2)O(5)anode yields a cell voltage much higher than does a battery using a commercial fast-charging lithium titanate anode or other intercalation anode candidates (Li(3)VO(4)and LiV0.5Ti0.5S2)(8,9). Further, disordered rock salt Li(3)V(2)O(5)can perform over 1,000 charge-discharge cycles with negligible capacity decay and exhibits exceptional rate capability, delivering over 40 per cent of its capacity in 20 seconds. We attribute the low voltage and high rate capability of disordered rock salt Li(3)V(2)O(5)to a redistributive lithium intercalation mechanism with low energy barriers revealed via ab initio calculations. This low-potential, high-rate intercalation reaction can be used to identify other metal oxide anodes for fast-charging, long-life lithium-ion batteries.