Comparison of Polarized Radiative Transfer Codes Used by the EHT Collaboration
Comparison of Polarized Radiative Transfer Codes Used by the EHT Collaboration
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DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/acc586
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发表时间：
2023-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Prather;J. Dexter;M. Mościbrodzka;Hung-Yi Pu;T. Bronzwaer;J. Davelaar;Z. Younsi;C. Gammie;R. Gold;G. Wong;K. Akiyama;A. Alberdi;W. Alef;J. Algaba;R. Anantua;K. Asada;R. Azulay;U. Bach;A. Baczko;D. Ball;M. Balokovi'c;J. Barrett;M. Baubock;B. Benson;D. Bintley;L. Blackburn;R. Blundell;K. Bouman;G. Bower;H. Boyce;M. Bremer;C. Brinkerink;R. Brissenden;S. Britzen;A. Broderick;D. Broguiere;S. Bustamante;D. Byun;J. Carlstrom;C. Ceccobello;A. Chael;Chi-kwan Chan;Dominic O. Chang;K. Chatterjee;S. Chatterjee;Ming-Tang Chen;Yongjun Chen;Xiaopeng Cheng;I. Cho;P. Christian;N. S. Conroy;J. Conway;J. Cordes;T. Crawford;G. Crew;A. Cruz-Osorio;Yuzhu Cui;M. Laurentis;R. Deane;J. Dempsey;G. Desvignes;Vedant Dhruv;S. Doeleman;S. Dougal;S. Dzib;R. Eatough;R. Emami;H. Falcke;J. Farah;V. Fish;E. Fomalont;H. Ford;R. Fraga-Encinas;W. T. Freeman;P. Friberg;C. Fromm;A. Fuentes;P. Galison;Roberto Garc'ia;O. Gentaz;B. Georgiev;C. Goddi;A. I. G'omez-Ruiz;Jos'e L. G'omez;M. Gu;M. Gurwell;K. Hada;D. Haggard;K. Haworth;M. Hecht;R. Hesper;D. Heumann;L. Ho;P. Ho;M. Honma;Chih-Wei L. Huang;Lei Huang;D. Hughes;Shiro Ikeda;C. Impellizzeri;M. Inoue;S. Issaoun;David J. James;B. Jannuzi;M. Janssen;B. Jeter;Wu Jiang;A. Jim'enez-Rosales;Michael D. Johnson;S. Jorstad;A. Joshi;T. Jung;M. Karami;R. Karuppusamy;T. Kawashima;G. Keating;M. Kettenis;Dong-Jin Kim;Jae-Young Kim;Jongsoo Kim;Junhan Kim;M. Kino;J. Koay;Prashant Kocherlakota;Y. Kofuji;S. Koyama;C. Kramer;M. Kramer;T. Krichbaum;C. Kuo;N. Bella;T. Lauer;Daeyoung Lee;Sang-Sung Lee;P. Leung;A. Levis;Zhiyuan Li;R. Lico;G. Lindahl;M. Lindqvist;M. Lisakov;Jun Liu;Kuo Liu;E. Liuzzo;Wen-Ping Lo;A. Lobanov;L. Loinard;C. Lonsdale;Ruohan Lu;N. MacDonald;J. Mao;N. Marchili;S. Markoff;D. Marrone;A. Marscher;Iv'an Mart'i-Vidal;S. Matsushita;L. Matthews;L. Medeiros;K. Menten;D. Michalik;I. Mizuno;Y. Mizuno;J. Moran;Kotaro Moriyama;C. Muller;A. Mus;G. Musoke;I. Myserlis;A. Nadolski;H. Nagai;N. Nagar;M. Nakamura;R. Narayan;G. Narayanan;I. Natarajan;A. Nathanail;S. N. Fuentes;J. Neilsen;R. Neri;C. Ni;A. Noutsos;M. Nowak;J. Oh;H. Okino;H. Olivares;G. Ortiz-Le'on;T. Oyama;F. Ozel;D. Palumbo;G. Paraschos;Jongho Park;H. Parsons;N. Patel;U. Pen;D. Pesce;V. Pi'etu;R. Plambeck;A. PopStefanija;O. Porth;F. Potzl;J. A. Preciado-L'opez;D. Psaltis;V. Ramakrishnan;R. Rao;M. Rawlings;A. Raymond;L. Rezzolla;Angelo Ricarte;B. Ripperda;F. Roelofs;Alan Rogers;Eduardo Ros;C. Romero-Cañizales;A. Roshanineshat;H. Rottmann;A. Roy;I. Ruiz;C. Ruszczyk;K. Rygl;S. S'anchez;D. S'anchez-Arguelles;M. S'anchez-Portal;M. Sasada;K. Satapathy;T. Savolainen;F. Schloerb;J. Schonfeld;K. Schuster;Lijing Shao;Zhiqiang Shen;D. Small;B. Sohn;J. SooHoo;K. Souccar;He Sun;F. Tazaki;A. Tetarenko;P. Tiede;R. Tilanus;M. Titus;P. Torne;E. Traianou;T. Trent;S. Trippe;Matthew A. Turk;I. Bemmel;H. V. Langevelde;D. V. Rossum;J. Vos;J. Wagner;D. Ward-Thompson;J. Wardle;J. Weintroub;N. Wex;R. Wharton;M. Wielgus;K. Wiik;G. Witzel;M. Wondrak;Qingwen Wu;P. Yamaguchi;A. Yfantis;D. Yoon;A. Young;K. Young;Wei Yu;F. Yuan;Ye-Fei Yuan;J. Zensus;Shuo Zhang;Guangyao Zhao;Shan-Shan Zhao-Shan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Prather;J. Dexter;M. Mościbrodzka;Hung-Yi Pu;T. Bronzwaer;J. Davelaar;Z. Younsi;C. Gammie;R. Gold;G. Wong;K. Akiyama;A. Alberdi;W. Alef;J. Algaba;R. Anantua;K. Asada;R. Azulay;U. Bach;A. Baczko;D. Ball;M. Balokovi'c;J. Barrett;M. Baubock;B. Benson;D. Bintley;L. Blackburn;R. Blundell;K. Bouman;G. Bower;H. Boyce;M. Bremer;C. Brinkerink;R. Brissenden;S. Britzen;A. Broderick;D. Broguiere;S. Bustamante;D. Byun;J. Carlstrom;C. Ceccobello;A. Chael;Chi-kwan Chan;Dominic O. Chang;K. Chatterjee;S. Chatterjee;Ming-Tang Chen;Yongjun Chen;Xiaopeng Cheng;I. Cho;P. Christian;N. S. Conroy;J. Conway;J. Cordes;T. Crawford;G. Crew;A. Cruz-Osorio;Yuzhu Cui;M. Laurentis;R. Deane;J. Dempsey;G. Desvignes;Vedant Dhruv;S. Doeleman;S. Dougal;S. Dzib;R. Eatough;R. Emami;H. Falcke;J. Farah;V. Fish;E. Fomalont;H. Ford;R. Fraga-Encinas;W. T. Freeman;P. Friberg;C. Fromm;A. Fuentes;P. Galison;Roberto Garc'ia;O. Gentaz;B. Georgiev;C. Goddi;A. I. G'omez-Ruiz;Jos'e L. G'omez;M. Gu;M. Gurwell;K. Hada;D. Haggard;K. Haworth;M. Hecht;R. Hesper;D. Heumann;L. Ho;P. Ho;M. Honma;Chih-Wei L. Huang;Lei Huang;D. Hughes;Shiro Ikeda;C. Impellizzeri;M. Inoue;S. Issaoun;David J. James;B. Jannuzi;M. Janssen;B. Jeter;Wu Jiang;A. Jim'enez-Rosales;Michael D. Johnson;S. Jorstad;A. Joshi;T. Jung;M. Karami;R. Karuppusamy;T. Kawashima;G. Keating;M. Kettenis;Dong-Jin Kim;Jae-Young Kim;Jongsoo Kim;Junhan Kim;M. Kino;J. Koay;Prashant Kocherlakota;Y. Kofuji;S. Koyama;C. Kramer;M. Kramer;T. Krichbaum;C. Kuo;N. Bella;T. Lauer;Daeyoung Lee;Sang-Sung Lee;P. Leung;A. Levis;Zhiyuan Li;R. Lico;G. Lindahl;M. Lindqvist;M. Lisakov;Jun Liu;Kuo Liu;E. Liuzzo;Wen-Ping Lo;A. Lobanov;L. Loinard;C. Lonsdale;Ruohan Lu;N. MacDonald;J. Mao;N. Marchili;S. Markoff;D. Marrone;A. Marscher;Iv'an Mart'i-Vidal;S. Matsushita;L. Matthews;L. Medeiros;K. Menten;D. Michalik;I. Mizuno;Y. Mizuno;J. Moran;Kotaro Moriyama;C. Muller;A. Mus;G. Musoke;I. Myserlis;A. Nadolski;H. Nagai;N. Nagar;M. Nakamura;R. Narayan;G. Narayanan;I. Natarajan;A. Nathanail;S. N. Fuentes;J. Neilsen;R. Neri;C. Ni;A. Noutsos;M. Nowak;J. Oh;H. Okino;H. Olivares;G. Ortiz-Le'on;T. Oyama;F. Ozel;D. Palumbo;G. Paraschos;Jongho Park;H. Parsons;N. Patel;U. Pen;D. Pesce;V. Pi'etu;R. Plambeck;A. PopStefanija;O. Porth;F. Potzl;J. A. Preciado-L'opez;D. Psaltis;V. Ramakrishnan;R. Rao;M. Rawlings;A. Raymond;L. Rezzolla;Angelo Ricarte;B. Ripperda;F. Roelofs;Alan Rogers;Eduardo Ros;C. Romero-Cañizales;A. Roshanineshat;H. Rottmann;A. Roy;I. Ruiz;C. Ruszczyk;K. Rygl;S. S'anchez;D. S'anchez-Arguelles;M. S'anchez-Portal;M. Sasada;K. Satapathy;T. Savolainen;F. Schloerb;J. Schonfeld;K. Schuster;Lijing Shao;Zhiqiang Shen;D. Small;B. Sohn;J. SooHoo;K. Souccar;He Sun;F. Tazaki;A. Tetarenko;P. Tiede;R. Tilanus;M. Titus;P. Torne;E. Traianou;T. Trent;S. Trippe;Matthew A. Turk;I. Bemmel;H. V. Langevelde;D. V. Rossum;J. Vos;J. Wagner;D. Ward-Thompson;J. Wardle;J. Weintroub;N. Wex;R. Wharton;M. Wielgus;K. Wiik;G. Witzel;M. Wondrak;Qingwen Wu;P. Yamaguchi;A. Yfantis;D. Yoon;A. Young;K. Young;Wei Yu;F. Yuan;Ye-Fei Yuan;J. Zensus;Shuo Zhang;Guangyao Zhao;Shan-Shan Zhao-Shan
解释解决偏振图像的黑洞的事件视界望远镜（EHT）需要预测的偏振发射观测到的地球上的仪器为一个特定的模型的黑洞吸积系统。这种预测是由广义相对论辐射传输（GRRT）代码生成的，该代码集成了弯曲时空中的偏振辐射传输方程。在EHT协作中使用的射线跟踪GRRT代码的选择进行评估的准确性和一致性，在产生一个选择的测试图像，表明辐射传输计算的各种方法和实现是高度一致的。当成像的分析吸积模型，我们发现，所有的代码产生的图像相似的像素归一化均方误差（NMSE）为0.012在最坏的情况下。当从基于细胞的磁流体动力学模拟的快照成像时，我们发现所有测试图像在斯托克斯I，Q，U和V中分别为0.02，0.04，0.04和0.12的NMSE内是相似的。我们还发现，与已发表的EHT结果相关的几个图像指标的值与测量不确定性相比，精度要高得多。
Interpretation of resolved polarized images of black holes by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) requires predictions of the polarized emission observable by an Earth-based instrument for a particular model of the black hole accretion system. Such predictions are generated by general relativistic radiative transfer (GRRT) codes, which integrate the equations of polarized radiative transfer in curved spacetime. A selection of ray-tracing GRRT codes used within the EHT Collaboration is evaluated for accuracy and consistency in producing a selection of test images, demonstrating that the various methods and implementations of radiative transfer calculations are highly consistent. When imaging an analytic accretion model, we find that all codes produce images similar within a pixel-wise normalized mean squared error (NMSE) of 0.012 in the worst case. When imaging a snapshot from a cell-based magnetohydrodynamic simulation, we find all test images to be similar within NMSEs of 0.02, 0.04, 0.04, and 0.12 in Stokes I, Q, U, and V, respectively. We additionally find the values of several image metrics relevant to published EHT results to be in agreement to much better precision than measurement uncertainties.