Antibiotic use in aquaculture: development of antibiotic resistance - potential for consumer health risks
Antibiotic use in aquaculture: development of antibiotic resistance - potential for consumer health risks
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2621.1998.3320139.x
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发表时间：
1998-04-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Hastings, TS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alderman, DJ;Hastings, TS
随着水产养殖业的发展，遇到了一系列细菌性疾病，造成了重大的生产问题和动物福利困难。这些疾病最初几乎完全是通过使用抗菌剂来控制的。养鱼现在是一个足够大和成熟的行业，有理由开发一系列有效的疫苗，这些疫苗在很大程度上取代了欧洲和北美鲑鱼养殖中大多数细菌疾病的抗菌剂的使用。对于大多数沙门氏菌疾病，现在抗菌剂的使用在很大程度上仅限于疫苗保护失效时的紧急使用。除了越来越多的疫苗可用外，水产养殖业正在稳步发展一系列改进的饲养方法，以减少疾病的影响。尽管有证据表明，在水产养殖中可以选择抗生素耐药性作为正常的治疗用途，但通过任何可能的途径将这种耐药性传播给人类消费者的风险似乎很低。在为水产养殖开发新物种的地方，以及在这些物种的发展过程中，可能预计会发生细菌性疾病，在开发疫苗之前，需要使用抗菌剂来控制疾病。如果没有抗菌剂用于新物种，开发可能会转移到对抗生素使用控制较差的国家。在观赏鱼中使用抗菌剂很重要，特别是在一些出口国，而且有证据表明，在这种动物中可能经常出现多重抗药性细菌。虽然观赏鱼不被食用，但它们确实进入了家庭，并与人类密切接触。
As aquaculture has developed, a range of bacterial diseases have been encountered that have caused both major production problems and animal welfare difficulties. These diseases were initially controlled almost exclusively by the use of antimicrobial agents. Fish farming is now a sufficiently large and mature an industry to have justified the development of an effective range of vaccines that have largely supplanted the use of antimicrobial agents for most bacterial diseases in salmonid farming in Europe and North America. For most salmonid bacterial diseases,;use of antimicrobial agents is now largely confined to emergency use in the event of breakdown of vaccine protection. In addition to the increasing availability of vaccines, aquaculture is steadily developing a range of improved husbandry methods to reduce the impact of disease. Although there is evidence that antibiotic resistance can be selected for in normal therapeutic use in aquaculture, the risks of transfer of such resistance to human consumers by any of the possible routes appears to be low. Where new species are under development for aquaculture and during the development of these species, bacterial diseases may be expected to occur that will need use of antimicrobials for disease control before vaccines can be developed. If antimicrobials were not available for use with new species, development would be likely to transfer to countries with poorer controls on antibiotic use. Use of antimicrobial agents in ornamental fish, particularly in some exporting countries, is significant, and evidence exists that multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria may be frequent in such animals. Although ornamental fish are not eaten, they do enter homes and are in close contact with humans.