Informality and Political Violence in Karachi
Informality and Political Violence in Karachi
复制标题
卡拉奇的非正式行为和政治暴力
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Mallah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Haris Gazdar;H. Mallah
本文从城市规划和土地利用的非正式性角度，提出了对大都市政治暴力的理解。卡拉奇的政治冲突在很大程度上是从种族认同的角度来审视的。在这里，它展示了，使用人口普查数据，城市规划是如何牵连到城市的民族人口的演变。投票站一级的选举结果进一步证实了领土在卡拉奇暴力政治分裂中的重要性。关于非正式经济治理的文献，以及它对非国家合同执行和纠纷解决的见解，被用来解释对三个未规划社区的案例研究。不同的移民群体在非正式经济治理和正规化政治方面有不同的经历。这些差异导致了两种不同的非正式经济治理模式，这两种模式不仅维持了暴力的政治分歧，还剥夺了对正式国家机构的强制性垄断。
This paper proposes an understanding of political violence in a major metropolis through the lens of informality in urban planning and land use. Political conflict in Karachi has been examined largely from the lens of ethnic identity. Here it is shown, using census data, how urban planning was implicated in the evolution of the city’s ethnic demography. Election results at the polling station level further confirm the importance of territory in Karachi’s violent political divisions. The literature on informal economic governance, and its insights on non-state contract enforcement and dispute resolution, is used to interpret case studies of three unplanned neighbourhoods. Various migrant cohorts had distinct experiences regarding informal economic governance and the politics of regularisation. These differences gave rise to two alternate modes of informal economic governance, which not only sustained violent political divisions, but also denied coercive monopoly to formal institutions of the state.