Exoplanet mass estimation for a sample of targets for the Ariel mission

Exoplanet mass estimation for a sample of targets for the Ariel mission
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Ariel 任务目标样本的系外行星质量估计

DOI:
10.1007/s10686-021-09758-0
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Barnes J
Barnes J
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Barnes J

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Ariel雄心勃勃的目标是调查四分之一已知的系外行星,这将改变我们对行星大气的认识。用径向速度技术直接测量的质量对于确定行星的整体性质是必不可少的。径向速度质量将提供来自大气拟合的质量的重要检查,或者可以作为固定输入参数来处理,以减少大气反演中可能的退化。我们量化的影响,恒星活动对行星质量恢复的theArielmission样本使用类似太阳的斑点模型缩放的活跃恒星结合其他噪声源。将选择那些具有一定精确星历表的行星,用Ariel进行表征。有了这个事先的要求,我们模拟衍生的行星质量精度作为观测的数量为一个前瞻性的样本ofAriel目标的函数。我们发现,正交采样可以显着减少后续RV所需的时间承诺,是最有效的,当行星RV签名大于RV噪声。对于一个典型的径向速度仪器在4米级望远镜上运行,并达到1 m s− 1的精度,大约17%到37%的时间花费在7%的质量Mp < 10 M <$p的行星上。在许多低活动情况下,所需的时间受到星震和光子噪声的限制。对于低质量或微弱的系统,我们可以以相同的精度恢复质量,速度快3倍,仪器精度为~10 cm s−1。
Ariel’s ambitious goal to survey a quarter of known exoplanets will transform our knowledge of planetary atmospheres. Masses measured directly with the radial velocity technique are essential for well determined planetary bulk properties. Radial velocity masses will provide important checks of masses derived from atmospheric fits or alternatively can be treated as a fixed input parameter to reduce possible degeneracies in atmospheric retrievals. We quantify the impact of stellar activity on planet mass recovery for theArielmission sample using Sun-like spot models scaled for active stars combined with other noise sources. Planets with necessarily well-determined ephemerides will be selected for characterisation withAriel. With this prior requirement,we simulate the derived planet mass precision as a function of the number of observations for a prospective sample ofArieltargets. We find that quadrature sampling can significantly reduce the time commitment required for follow-up RVs, and is most effective when the planetary RV signature is larger than the RV noise. For a typical radial velocity instrument operating on a 4 m class telescope and achieving 1 m s−1precision, between ~17% and ~ 37% of the time commitment is spent on the 7% of planets with massMp< 10 M⊕. In many low activity cases, the time required is limited by asteroseismic and photon noise. For low mass or faint systems, we can recover masses with the same precision up to ~3 times more quickly with an instrumental precision of ~10 cm s−1.
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